Climate change poses a threat to the water security of the Grand River Watershed (GRW) by altering the precipitation patterns and other weather variables, which affect streamflow and freshwater availability extremely in 2022. Therefore, in this study, a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for the GRW, Ontario, Canada, was used to assess the blue and green water scarcity for future periods for future sustainable management of freshwater resources in the region. The ensemble results predicted a warmer and wetter future for the GRW. The ensemble model result, when considering both emission scenarios and future periods, showed that blue water (BW) is projected to increase by 23–40% while green water storage (GWS) is projected to experience an overall decrease (2–8%). The results suggested that BW may become more scarce compared to green water in the future. The scarcity of BW is primarily due to the projected increase in population growth and water demand in the watershed. Green water scarcity in some regions indicated that changes in irrigation might be needed in the future in some parts of the watershed. The results indicate that the water resources of the GRW may become scarce and careful planning is essential for future water management.
For data sparse conditions of developing countries, gridded meteorological products have potential for different hydro-climatic applications. Comparisons of IMERG precipitation, at 0.1o, have been done with TRMM precipitation at station-, basin- and country-scale, in recent past. As IMERG products are expected to be available at least until mid-2030, a long-term global comparison of IMERG precipitation at station-scale, to guide their potential use, is highly desired. Therefore, we access surface precipitation stations from NOAA and compare their GSOM with IMERG at 0.1° during 2001–2020. Thus, we evaluate mean IMERG, CFSR and GSOM monthly precipitation with standard metrices like NSE, VE, KGE, R, RMSE and PBIAS for 5 geographical regions, 7 continents, 105 countries and > 50,000 surface locations. After comparison, we observe highest median NSE for Tropic of Capricorn (IMERG: CFSR = 0.85:0.59), followed by Antarctic (0.76:0.49), Arctic (0.71:0.32), Tropic of Cancer (0.64:0.14) and Frigid circle (0.47: -0.87). It shows satisfactory and unsatisfactory performances in the ‘fourth/first’ and ‘last/remaining regions’ for ‘IMERG/CFSR’, respectively. Fractional similarity of unit precipitation was good in Europe (VE = 0.72), North America (0.72), Asia (0.71), Australia (0.70) and satisfactory in South America (0.66) and Africa (0.52) for IMERG. Whereas, we find satisfactorily simulation for Europe (VE = 0.61), North America (0.56) and Australia (0.56), while other continents have unsatisfactory simulation of precipitation by CFSR. At country levels, 64 countries reveal a significantly better mean NSE with IMERG. While all these analyses pointed that IMERG monthly precipitation has better utility than CFSR in different hydro-meteorological applications, its site-specific application will still need detailed analysis at daily (sub-daily) resolutions. The outcomes of the study are expected to guide water resources managers to use these datasets in sustainable water resources management.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.