The culture of Pleurotus djamor was procured from Directorate of Mushroom Research, Solan and was maintained on PDA medium. Eight different substrates viz., wheat straw, corn cobs, lantana twigs, rice straw, poplar leaves, parthenium leaves, sugarcane bagasse, saw dust alone or wheat straw in combination with saw dust, wheat bran, cotton seed meal, urea, CAN, waste paper, lantana twigs and corn cobs were evaluated for the yield performance and biological efficiency (BE) of P. djamor. Among the various substrates Lantana twigs was found highly suitable with 75.23% BE for the cultivation of Pink oyster mushroom (Pleurotus djamor). Combination of wheat straw+wheat bran (9:1) and wheat straw+cotton seed meal (9:1) gave better yield with biological efficiency of 78.60% and 78.56%, respectively.
Among these, Alternaria blotch caused by Alternaria mali, prevalent in all apple growing areas of the world is an economically important apple disease. Alternaria mali was first described in 1924 in the United States by Roberts and become a problem in the southeastern United States. The disease
Apple is one of the most important fruit crops of Himachal Pradesh and the economy of the state primarily depends upon this remunerative crop. Alternaria alternata f.sp. mali causes huge loss by infecting leaves and fruits. It infects mainly leaves (upto 50 to 60%) but sometimes fruits may also get infected. Leaf spot infection started early in the season which leads to premature defoliation. The fungus causes leaf spots which enlarge in zonate, circular or crescent shaped rings. Every season the crop is suffered from Alternaria leaf blotch in wet climate and has been appearing in moderate to severe form in different apple growing areas of Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh. The disease incidence and disease severity varied between 11.00 to 50.00 per cent and 6.20 to 25.90 per cent, respectively for two consecutive years 2015 and 2016.
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