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vs. horizontal angle for ϭ 75°are calculated using the regular TDS approximation and the modified TDS. The results are compared with the reference solution (VIE for all layers) in Figure 5. It is seen that the modified TDS improves the solution accuracy significantly over the angle range of 60 to 120 degrees.The next example considers three curved cylindrical plates, as shown in Figure 6. The size and material parameters are indicated in the figure, and the length of the structure is 1.44 m. The wavelength is 0.3 m (frequency is 1 GHz). For this model, the middle thick layer is discretized into volume elements and volume integral equation is applied to it (number of hexahedron element is 1152, and number of volume basis functions is 4680). The inner and outer thin layers are modeled using TDS with 2304 quadrilateral elements and 4464 surface basis functions. The numbers of unknowns for both the regular and modified TDS models are the same and they are 9144. The calculated RCSs are shown in Figure 7. It is seen that the improvement using the modified TDS is very significant, especially at angles near graze incidence 4. SUMMARY

In this work, we report the synthesis, characterization and biological application of highly stable CdTe/ZnS (cadmium tellurite/zinc sulphide) Core/Shell (CS) quantum dots (QDs) capped with mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA). The CS QDs were synthesized using a simple one-pot aqueous method. The synthesized CdTe/ZnS CS QDs were found to exhibit excellent stability even 100 days after preparation and also showed better photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of about 50% compared with that of only CdTe QDs which was nearly 12%. The formation of the CdTe/ZnS CS was confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Further, on extending our study towards bioimaging of E. coli cells using the QDs samples, we found that CdTe/ZnS CS QDs showed better results compared with CdTe QDs.

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