Background and Aim:Maxillofacial trauma is frequently encountered in the Accident and Emergency department of hospitals either as an isolated injury or as a part of multiple injuries to the head, neck, chest, and abdomen. This study aimed to assess retrospectively the profile of maxillofacial injuries in patients reporting to a tertiary care hospital in East Delhi.Materials and Methods:The study was conducted in the Department of Dentistry, UCMS and GTB Hospital, Delhi. Dental case record sheets of 1000 medicolegal cases reporting to the hospital emergency were scrutinized and various demographic and epidemiologic factors, including the patient's age and gender, time and day of reporting, and the etiology and nature of injury were recorded.Results:The peak incidence of maxillofacial injury was observed in the age group of 21–30 years, with males outnumbering females in all age groups. Maximum number of trauma cases reported in late evening hours, especially on weekends. Interpersonal assault was the primary etiological factor followed by road traffic accidents. Soft tissue injuries were very common and maxillofacial fractures, when present, were most frequently observed in the mandible followed by the midface.Conclusion:The changing trend of the etiology of maxillofacial injuries in East Delhi necessitates strict legislation against violence and education in alcohol abuse. Periodic review of driving skills and stricter implementation of traffic rules in this area is a must to minimize the physical, psychological, and emotional distress associated with maxillofacial trauma.

Facial asymmetry is an individualized characteristic and is commonly observed sub clinically in overall population. However, clinically significant facial asymmetry with associated morphologic, esthetic and stomatognathic problems warrant investigation of the underlying etiology and comprehensive clinical examination in conjunction with imaging studies for diagnosis, localization of asymmetry and treatment planning. The principal aim of this article is to present an invaluable insight into etiopathogenesis, myriad classifications and various systematic diagnostic approaches indispensable for formulation of treatment plan and appropriate management of facial asymmetry.

Laugier–Hunziker syndrome (LHS) is an acquired, benign pigmentary skin condition involving oral cavity including lower lip in the form of brown black macules 1–5 mm in size, frequently associated with longitudinal melanonychia. There is no underlying systemic abnormality or malignant predisposition associated with LHS, and therefore the prognosis is good. Important differential diagnoses include Peutz Jeghers syndrome and Addison’s disease among other causes of oral and acral pigmentation. Treatment is sought mainly for cosmetic reasons and Q-switched Nd-Yag laser/ Q-switched alexandrite therapy and cryosurgery have been tried with varying success.

Aims:This study was performed to compare the degree of post operative analgesia, patient compliance, and frequency of adverse events with the use of oral diclofenac tablets and transdermal diclofenac patch following multiple premolar extractions in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.Materials and Methods:Twenty young pre-orthodontic patients requiring bilateral maxillary and mandibular first premolar extractions were selected for the study. The right maxillary and mandibular first premolars were extracted first and 50 mg oral diclofenac sodium tablets were prescribed to be taken thrice a day for three days. In the next appointment, the contralateral first premolars were extracted and a 100 mg transdermal diclofenac patch was applied once a day for three days. Pain relief and pain intensity with both the diclofenac formulations was recorded for each of the three postoperative days using 5-point Verbal Pain Intensity and Pain Relief Score Charts.Results and Conclusions:Statistical analyses revealed that there was a gradual increase in pain relief scores and a gradual decrease in pain intensity scores with the use of oral diclofenac tablets as well as with the transdermal patch. However, subjects reported that they were more comfortable using the transdermal patch particularly due to the once-a-day application and lesser frequency of systemic adverse effects. Results of this study indicate that the transdermal diclofenac patch provides as potent analgesia as the oral diclofenac tablets with the added advantage of better patient compliance and may be used for routine post extraction analgesia.

Hyaluronic acid is a hygroscopic macromolecule formed by the polymerisation of glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine disaccharide. It is a primary component of the extracellular matrix in various body tissues. Ihe use of topical Hyaluronic acid in the treatment of oral ulcers has been recently reported. This article reviews the mechanism of action, indications and efficacy of topical Hyaluronic acid gel in the management of oral ulcers.

Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome (PLS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder first described by two French physicians, Papillon and Lefèvre in 1924. The disorder is characterized by diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma and precocious aggressively progressing periodontitis, leading to the premature loss of deciduous and permanent teeth at a very young age. The cutaneous lesions are usually manifested simultaneously with the intra-oral presentations and include keratotic plaques on the palms and soles varying from mild psoriasiform scaly skin to overt hyperkeratosis. The etiopathogenesis of the syndrome is relatively obscure and immunologic, genetic or possible bacterial etiologies have been proposed. Due to the vast degree of periodontal breakdown involved at such an early age, the dental surgeon is often the first to diagnose the syndrome. This paper presents a clinical presentation a 15 year old male diagnosed with Papillon- Lefèvre Syndrome. Key words:Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome, palmoplantar keratoderma, rapidly progressing periodontitis.

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Introduction: Tooth dilacerations are dental anomalies characterized by an abrupt deviation in the longitudinal axis of a tooth. They may occur either in the crown, between the crown and root, or in the root. Although not so common, impacted maxillary incisors exhibiting root dilaceration pose a diagnostic and treatment challenge to the clinician. Description: This case report describes the management of a horizontally impacted and dilacerated maxillary central incisor in a 12-year-old girl. Cone-beam computed tomographic scans were used to accurately localize the position of the dilacerated tooth, and to assess the extent of root formation and degree of dilaceration present in the root. Treatment included surgical exposure and orthodontic traction, followed by root canal treatment and apicoectomy. Results: Through a meticulously planned interdisciplinary approach, the impacted dilacerated central incisor was properly aligned and demonstrated good stability after the long-term follow-up. Conclusion: Taking into consideration the concerns and expectations of the patient, communicative feedback between the oral surgeon, orthodontist and endodontist helped achieving successful esthetic, structural and functional outcome in the present case.