This paper presents the dynamic responses of sandwich beams with 3D printed thermoplastic composite face sheets and multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced magnetorheological elastomer (MWCNT-MR elastomer) cores under non-uniform magnetic fields. A higher-order beam theory (HoBT) is employed to express the beam‘s displacement field. The governing equations of the 3D printed thermoplastic sandwich beam are derived using Lagrange‘s principle and discretized by the finite element method. The validity of the present method is confirmed through comparison with the results available in the literature. The stiffness and damping characteristics of the 3D printed thermoplastic sandwich beam are investigated in relation to support conditions, non-homogeneous magnetic flux, and core-face sheet thickness ratio.
Film cooling is employed for effective cooling in nozzles and combustion chambers using a spray of coolant fluid in the mainstream flow to cool the body. Experimental analysis was performed elaborately in the past years to get an exact analysis of film cooling effectiveness with different parameters. This approach was however discouraged due to its high cost and time consumption. Recently, researchers switched to the use of numerical platforms for investigation of complex film cooling systems. The paper discusses in detail the numerical analysis of the film cooling systems done so far and the numerical models employed for such a complex analysis along with the advantages and trade-offs of such a numerical approach. This study was carried out to extend database knowledge about the numerical film cooling for its various applications. Therefore, an appropriate cooling technique should be designed to protect these parts. Film cooling is one of the most effective external cooling methods. Various numerical film cooling techniques presented in the literature have been investigated. Moreover, challenges and future directions of numerical film cooling techniques have been reviewed and presented in this paper. The aim of this review is to summarize recent development in research on film cooling techniques and attempt to identify some challenging issues that need to be solved for future research.
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