The dynamic characteristics of a water droplet impact on a thin vertical dry solid cylinder are delineated numerically. Finite volume-based axisymmetric simulations are carried out by employing the volume-of-fluid method to predict complex hydrodynamic behaviors. To simulate the present computational work, the conservation equations of mass, momentum, and volume fraction are solved. The droplet surface undergoes a continuous deformation during impact to the thin cylindrical target by resulting in various crucial stages: free fall, hitting, cap formation, encapsulation, uncovering, and detachment. The range of cylinder-to-droplet diameter ratio ( Dc/ Do) is considered to be from 0.13 to 0.4 for the present computational study to observe different deformation patterns of the droplet. The influence of contact angle ( θ), Dc/ Do, We, Oh, and Bo on the maximum deformation factor is elucidated from the numerical results. The findings show that the maximum deformation factor increases with the increasing We and the reducing contact angle. An analytical model has been formulated to elucidate the maximum deformation factor, which shows an excellent agreement with the numerical results. Furthermore, a correlation was developed to predict maximum deformation factors in terms of θ, Dc/ Do, We, and Oh, which operates exceptionally well within ±1% of the computational data.
Numerical computations are performed to elucidate the
water droplet
impingement and spreading dynamics around a small right-angled circular
cone suspended in the air. An axisymmetric model employing the volume
of fluid approach describes the engrossing impact, spreading, and
detachment behavior of droplets around the solid substrate. Influence
of various dimensionless pertinent factors, like Weber number (We), contact angle (θ), Ohnesorge number (Oh), Bond number (Bo), and cone base-to-droplet
diameter ratio
(
D
c
/
D
o
)
on maximum deformation factor (βf) is demonstrated thoroughly to understand droplets’
hydrodynamic and morphological behavior. An increase in We shortens the droplet’s interaction duration with the substrate
for a particular value of θ, Oh, and D
c/D
o. Moreover,
the interaction time reduces drastically with the increase of Oh when θ, We, and D
c/D
o remain constant. Moreover,
correlations are developed for both free (We = 0)
and forced (We ≠ 0) falling of the droplet
to determine the deformation factor as a function of various relevant
dimensionless parameters, which operates satisfactorily within 0.8%
of the computational data. Lastly, the maximum deformation factor
for the droplet is calculated analytically, and it demonstrates an
extremely good matching with simulated data.
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