Background: Specific learning disability (SLD) is known to cause a great amount of psychological and mental stress to the children and their parents. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of SLD among children in Gwalior and to find out the risk factors associated with SLD. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2016 and 2017 in two government and two private schools of Gwalior. A total of 800 students from the 3rd to 6th standard were included in the study. The details of every student were filled in a pro forma which included their academic performance. Based on this, last 10% of the low-performing students from each class were recruited and they were subjected to visual, hearing, IQ assessment, and NIMHANS index for SLD. Results: A total of 23 students were identified as having SLD, with a prevalence of 2.87%. The most common type was combined type (dyslexia and dyscalculia). The prevalence of arithmetic disability was found to be around 2.25%, reading disability was 2.5%, and that of writing disability was around 1.37%. The mean age of students diagnosed as SLD was 9.8. Among the learning-disabled students, 19 students (82%) were having only one sibling. SLD was diagnosed mostly in class IV students (p=0.023). Among SLD students, a history of prematurity was found in 11 students (48%), low birth weight in 13 students (57%), and head trauma in 13 students (57%) with SLD. Among SLD students, 7 were having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). No students were identified as having ADHD in the remaining students and it was highly significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of SLD was 2.87%, with the most common type being combined type. The antenatal risk factors associated with SLD were prematurity, low birth weight, and a history of head trauma. The most common comorbid condition associated with SLD was attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Background: Specific learning disability (SLD) is known to cause great amount of psychological stress to the children and their parents. Current study was aimed to find out the prevalence, profile of errors in Specific learning disability among school students studying in 3rd to 6th standard and their perception by teachers and parents.Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted at two Government and two Private Schools in Gwalior. 800 students studying 3rd to 6th standard. The details of every student were filled in a proforma which included their academic performance, teacher’s opinion and parents concern for them. Based on this from each class 10 percent of low performing students were selected and they were subjected to Visual, Hearing, IQ assessment and NIMHANS index for specific learning disability.Results: A total of 23 students were identified as having Specific learning disability, with a prevalence of 2.87%. The most common reading error was omitting words and writing error was missing letter and spelling error. Out of 23 students , only 4 students were rightly picked up by teachers as having specific problems in reading and writing, while in remaining 19 students teachers were having vague generalized opinion of poor academic performance (P<0.05).Out of 23 students, 14 parents were not having any scholastic concern about their children (P<0.001). These students on Intelligence Quotient assessment, showed low performance scores as compared to their verbal scores.Conclusions: The prevalence of Specific learning disability was 2.87% and these students were having lower performance scores in IQ. Teachers and parents were unable to perceive about Specific learning problems.
Background: In spite of advances in neonatal care, infant mortality is still high in India. Regular follow up of discharged newborns could bring down infant mortality and reduce long term disability by early identification and intervention. The primary objective of the study is evaluating the Special Newborn Care Unit(SNCU) graduates for Comorbidities, feeding and immunization practices, growth assessment and outcome during follow up.Methods: The discharged neonates from SNCU, GRMC were examined for their morbidity and growth monitoring done. Feeding and immunization practices were observed.Results: Among 100 neonates observed, 2 neonates were excluded and 41(41.8%) were females and 57(58.1%) were males. Major causes of indication of admission were prematurity (25.5%) and birth asphyxia (22.4%). During follow up, 23(23.4%) neonates had respiratory infections followed by 19 cases (19.3%) of diarrhea. Around 45(45.9%) infants’ weight fall between -1 to +1 SD which was around 55 infants during admission. Length monitoring showed that around 68(69.3%) infants length fall between -1 to +1 SD which was 72 during admission. Exclusive breast feeding was observed in 68(69.3%) infants, 7 infants (7.1%) were exclusively top fed, and 19 infants (19.3%) were mixed fed. Immunization was appropriately done in only 51 infants (52%). Retinopathy of prematurity was observed in 2 infants during follow up. Hearing difficulty was observed in 1 infant.Conclusions: Most common indication of admission in SNCU was prematurity. Most common comorbidity during follow up was respiratory infection. Weight monitoring of infants showed the reduction in weight during follow up than admission whereas length and head circumference was relatively static during admission and follow up.
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