Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a globally significant crop and a staple food for millions of people. Weed infestation is one of the major constraints affecting wheat productivity worldwide. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficiency of Carfentrazone ethyl 5% + Clodinafop propargyl 15% DF as a post-emergence herbicide against predominant weeds in wheat crops. Wheat is a globally significant crop and a staple food for millions of people. Weed infestation is a major constraint affecting wheat productivity. The study was conducted using a Randomized Block Design with three replications and a total of 11 treatments. The herbicide treatments were applied using foliar spray at different doses. Weed control efficiency was evaluated at 30, 45, and 60 days after herbicide application. The results showed that the highest weed control efficiency was observed in the weed-free plot, followed by the treatment with Carfentrazone ethyl 5% + Clodinafop propargyl 15% DF at a dose of 800 g/ha. This treatment provided significant control against different weed species such as Phalaris minor, Avena ludoviciana, and Chenopodium album. The herbicide treatments showed varying degrees of control efficiency, with some treatments performing better than others. These findings highlight the importance of weed management for increasing wheat crop production. The judicious use of herbicides, such as Carfentrazone ethyl 5% + Clodinafop propargyl 15% DF, can effectively control weeds and contribute to higher yields. However, further research and field trials are necessary to optimize the herbicide application and determine its long-term effects on wheat crops. Overall, this study emphasizes the need for effective weed control strategies to enhance wheat productivity and meet the demands of a growing population.
Cluster fig, goolar in hindi, is a medicinal fruit, widely found in India. It is a rich source of iron and other micronutrients. Wheat is a staple food of Indian diet which is an energy dense food. It is a good source of carbohydrate & protein. Pearl Millet is most widely grown type of millet. It is known for its calorie value; vitamins & minerals present in it. Mung bean which belongs to the family of legumes has high calorie in it & is also a very good source of protein & poly-unsaturated fatty acid. For this study cluster fig powder, germinated wheat flour, germinated mung bean flour, germinated pearl millet, carrot powder & beetroot powder have been used. The product development was done using the above-mentioned ingredients. Two products with three treatments of varying quantity of ingredients was used for product development. The developed products undergone sensory and proximate analysis. Each treatment has three different replications to minimise the error during proximate analysis. Each product has three treatments for sensory evaluation and nutritional assessment with three different replications. The organoleptic evaluation highlight that the taste becomes bitter and the acceptability decrease with. Increased quantity of cluster fig. The proximate analysis concludes that with increase in the quantity of cluster fig, the iron and zinc content of the products increase. This study shed light on evaluation of organoleptic acceptability and nutritive & medicinal properties of cluster fig. It also provides idea on how much quantity of cluster fig powder & other ingredients should be used in various processed convenience healthy food. The research aims at highlighting the use of cluster fig which is widely available in India but has never been used to make convenience.
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is known to be associated with a reduced risk of developing a certain chronic diseases and cancers due to the presence of lycopene, a bioactive carotenoid. Commercially, the vegetable is used in the preparation of tomato puree or ketchup, but the local varieties with lower total soluble solids was found to be not useful for the same and fetching not enough prices during glut and being wasted without processing. In the present study, the local tomato variety (Heemsohna) with lower °brix and higher acidity grown in India was analysed for antioxidant activity. Its suitability for preparation of a value added novel product, 'spread' was evaluated by mixing tomato juice with sugar in the ratio of 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 followed by concentrating the pulp to 65 °brix. The spread was analysed for physicochemical parameters and sensory acceptability during storage for six months. The methanolic extracts of dehydrated tomato exhibited a 50% inhibition in 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assay at a concentration of 5 and 2 mg/ml respectively. Variations in physicochemical properties of tomato spread such as °brix (64.5-65.0), pH (3.69-3.73), % acidity (0.69-0.74%), % reducing sugars (19.30-39.00%) % total sugars (56.95-60.21) and viscosity (2681-3255 cP) were measured. Significant changes were observed in sensory parameters such as colour, flavour and taste after 4 months however, the spread was well accepted by panelists with a maximum score of 6.9 for overall acceptability during the storage for six months. The study indicated that local varieties of tomato can be converted into a value added novel, highly acceptable and shelf stable spread which will help both farmers and consumers.
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