Background The use of computed tomography (CT) for estimation of split renal function (SRF) has been reported previously. However, most of these studies have small samples, and many do not account for the renal attenuation at CT. Objective The aim of this study was to compare multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) volumetry-attenuation-based SRF with that obtained via Tc99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) renal scintigraphy in voluntary renal donors. Methods Between January 2017 and January 2020, 526 voluntary renal donors were enrolled prospectively. All donors underwent contrast CT and DTPA scan before surgery. The semiautomatic region of interest (ROI) tool was applied slice by slice on axial CT images acquired in the arterial phase. The renal contour was drawn semiautomatically with mouse clicks around the renal parenchyma, and the renal volume was ascertained. Using renal volume and attenuation, SRF was determined and compared with results obtained at DTPA imaging. Results The mean age was 44.91 ± 10.97 years (mean ± s.d.). There was no significant difference in SRF based on DTPA and MDCT volumetry for the left kidney (49.18% ± 3.40% vs. 49.15% ± 3.38%, p = 0.540) and for the right kidney (50.82% ± 3.40% vs. 50.86% ± 3.39%, p = 0.358). A very good correlation was observed between the two methods for the left kidney ( r = 0.953, p = 0.000) and the right kidney ( r = 0.955, p = 0.000). On simple linear regression analysis, 90.8% of DTPA SRF values for the left kidney and 91.3% of DTPA SRF values for the right kidney could be predicted correctly using the corresponding MDCT SRF values. Conclusion MDCT volumetry-attenuation-derived estimation of SRF for living renal donors could be an alternative to renal scintigraphy-based SRF estimation.
Text extraction, recognition, and summarization may be used to generate brief job announcements linked to a web portal, thereby reducing the amount of manual labor required to repeatedly post positions online and aiding in the integration of the rural population into the mainstream workforce. Neural machine translation and natural language processing may be used to translate the job description into local languages. In India, the low participation of women in the labor force has raised concerns about the loss of benefits from economic growth and development. Even though more than three-quarters of the female population remains unemployed, those who work earn less than men. The low rate seems partly explained by challenges in finding appropriate work. A significant gender gap in the unemployment rate, especially among educated urban women, suggests that women face more difficulties than men in finding employment. Moreover, there is evidence that gender diversity in the workplace can improve output and business performance. Globally, this kind of discrimination is a problem, and thus new and creative tools are required to lessen bias to combat these tendencies. The accuracy and robustness of the framework proposed in this article have been assessed through real-time test data to prove and promote its use in practical settings.
Background and Aims:Radiological evaluation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is used for non-invasive staging for better surgical planning. However, the correlation of radiological staging using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with histopathological findings has not been done so far. The aim of this study is to assess the role of MRI in pre-operative staging of RCC in patients undergoing radical nephrectomy and nephron sparing surgery (NSS) and correlate it with histopathological findings.Settings and Design:This prospective observational study was conducted from February 2015 to October 2016 at a tertiary care hospital in northern India.Methods:MR imaging was done on 3 Tesla MR scanner (Signa Hdxt General Electrics, Milwaukee, USA). Preoperative staging was based on 2010 TNM staging system. The preoperative parameters in MRI were tumor size, detection/breach of pseudocapsule, tumor extension into perirenal fat and detection of tumor venous thrombus. The staging on MRI was compared with surgical and pathological staging.Statistical Analysis Used:The agreement between these three staging methods was determined using the kappa statistics (0.0-0.2, poor; 0.2-0.4, fair; 0.4-0.6, moderate; 0.6-0.8, good; 0.8-1.0, excellent).Results:30 patients with suspected RCC underwent NSS (n = 10) and radical nephrectomy (n = 20). Mean tumor size was 9.66 ± 2.99 cm in the radical nephrectomy group and 4.06 ± 1.16 cm in the NSS group. There was perfect agreement between MRI, surgical and pathological staging for breach of pseudocapsule (κ =1.0, Percentage of Agreement = 100%, P < 0.05). In none of the patients, MRI missed extension beyond the Gerota's fascia or presence of venous thrombus.Conclusion:MRI staging of RCC is an accurate predictor of the surgical and pathological stage and has the potential to become a useful tool for preoperative identification of patients with RCC who can undergo NSS.
The survival and progress of human life depends on developmental resources. Since ancient times human beings get various types of things from nature and fulfill their needs. In fact, resources are those which are useful to human beings, human beings are a part of the environment just like other organisms but a variation which is easily reflected. That is, human beings have sufficient ability to affect the environment around them and control them in some sense as compared to other organisms. That is why human relations with environment are given so much importance.In modern life, there is nothing more curious than the problem of human and environmental relations. The pace of this awareness has been slow in the developing countries and its solution has just started to be fully realized.The global dimension of environmental awareness is beginning to appear in some decades. It has been felt that the unpredictable loss of land, air, water etc. is being done by the nature system of the earth, the future survival of the organisms on earth is starting to be threatened, now there is a need to think holistically. It is known that the object of the world is in our hands.Man has also had to bear the consequences of contempt for nature. Due to all this, a strong need is being felt today that how the above balance of nature can be regained, now we have to use our technical skills in ways to reclaim our lost environment. मानव जीवन का अस्तित्व, प्रगति विकास संसाधनों पर निभ्रर करता है । आदिकाल से मनुष्य प्रकृति से विभिन्न प्रकार की वस्तुएँ प्राप्त कर अपनी आवष्यकताओं को पूरा करता है वास्तव में संसाधन वे है जिनकी उपयोगिता मानव के लिए हो, अन्य जीवों के समान ही मानव भी पर्यावरण का ही एक अंग है परन्तु एक विभिन्नता जो सहज ही परिलक्षित होती है वह यह है कि अन्य जीवों की तुलना में मानव अपने चारों ओर के पर्यावरण को प्रभावित तथा कुछ अर्थो में उसे नियंत्रित कर पाने की पर्याप्त क्षमता है यही कारण है कि मानव का पर्यावरण के साथ संबंधों को इतना महत्व दिया जाता है ।आधुनिक जीवन में मानव तथा पर्यावरण के संबंधों की समस्या से अधिक उत्सुकता का अन्य कोई विषय नहीं है । इस जागरूकता की गति विकासषील देषों में मंद रही है तथा इसका समाधान संपूर्णता से अभी-अभी ही अनुभव किया जाने लगा है । विगत् कुछ दषकों में पर्यावरणीय सजगता का वैष्विक आयाम प्रकट होने लगा है । यह महसूस किया गया है कि पृथ्वी की प्रकृति व्यवस्था से भूमि, वायु, जल आदि का अप्रत्याषित नुकसान किया जा रहा है पृथ्वी पर जीवों की भावी उत्तरजीविता को खतरा उत्पन्न होने लगा है अब समग्र रूप से सोचने की आवष्यकता पड़ रही है अब यह महसूस किया जाने लगा है कि विष्व का शग्य हमारे हाथो में है ।मनुष्य को प्रकृति के प्रति तिरस्कार का परिणाम भी सहना पड़ा है । इस सबके कारण ही आज इस बात की प्रबल आवष्यकता अनुभव की जाने लगी है कि किस प्रकार प्रकृति का उपर्युक्त संतुलन पुनः प्राप्त किया जा सकता है अब हमें अपने तकनीकी कौषल का उपयोग अपने खोये हुए पर्यावरण को पुनः प्राप्त करने के तरीकों में करना होगा ।
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