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Osteosarcomas are highly malignant bone tumours characterised by the presence of malignant mesenchymal cells producing osteoid or immature bone. Though rapidly growing bones are commonly affected like metaphysis in the femur, rare cases of Osteosarcoma of jaw (JOS) too occur; with an incidence of approximately 0.7 per million. The diagnosis involves clinico-radiological and histological correlation. A 14-year old male presented with the chief complaints of swelling and pain in his lower jaw on left side for 15 days and was given a provisional diagnosis of neoplasia of left body of mandible on radiography which was confirmed as osteosarcoma in histopathology. The case presented here highlight the importance of histopathology in diagnosing the lesion. Considering its rarity we present the case and attempt to review the literature associated with this lesion. Osteosarcoma especially of jaw requires a high degree of suspicion and need to be diagnosed and treated promptly to prevent further complications as rapidly growing tumour could predispose to bony outgrowth, facial deformity, airway compromise and metastasis. Key message: Jaw osteosarcoma is a rare entity requiring clinico-radiological and histopathological corelation for early diagnosis. With a clinically distinct profile as compared to its extremity counterpart, early histomorpholgical diagnosis and management with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy can lead to better outcome.

The primary objective of our study was to identify the different types of histopathological lesions of testes and epididymis occurring in patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital, the objective was also to analyze the spectrum of testicular lesions, our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of testicular malignancies and characterize the tumor based on their histo-morphological features. This was a prospective study of 2 years (October 2018 to October 2020) aggregating a total of 52 cases. The surgical specimens were referred to the pathology department for histopathological analysis. Adetailed preoperative history of every case with regards to age, presenting symptoms, and signs along with personal history were obtained.Also, relevant investigations like serum tumor markers and Ultrasonography findings were analyzed. Postoperatively, the tissue was sent to the histopathology department was studied by proper fixation, gross examination, adequate sampling, and paraffin sections of the same.10% formalin was used to fix the specimen. Some resources suggest the use of Bouin solution for the fixation of testis biopsy specimens. However, the picric acid in the Bouin solution presents challenges for safe handling and disposal due to its explosive potential.Hence, given the available resources in our laboratory setting, formalin was the preferred choice of fixative. We ensured that the specimens came in adequate amount of formalin from the OT with correct labeling.We excluded the autolyzed specimens. The data was noted and quantitative analysis was done.The study was further compared with other previously reported studies. 52 cases were studied and majority of the cases were reported in the age group of 31-40yrs. 65.4% cases were non neoplastic, with testicular torsion being the commonest lesion. Amongthe 23.1% neoplastic cases that were reported, mixed germ cell tumor was the commonest (75%). Non neoplastic lesions are more common than neoplastic lesions. Torsion testis was the commonest indication for orchidectomy in younger age group. Despite newer techniques in imaging and tumor marker assays the diagnosis of testicular lesions is primarily dependent upon histopathological examination.