Dams have many benefits for living creatures. On the other hand, dam breaks may also become disasters that cause potential losses of life and property. The Cipanas Dam has been planned for construction in Sumedang, West Java, and will have a storage capacity of up to 210 million m3. The area downstream of the Cipanas Dam contains many major infrastructures such as the Cikopo-Palimanan Toll Road and Kertajati International Airport that can be impacted by dam breach floods. This study analysed Cipanas Dam breach flow using HEC-RAS 5.0.5. The simulation assumed that a dam breach occurred through piping with 5 scenarios of breach time formation. The simulation resulted in flood hydrographs and flood inundation maps of the area downstream of the dam. The findings revealed that a breach formation time of 1 hour had the greatest flood effect. The maximum flood discharge was 38, 823.3 m3s-1 with a released water volume from the reservoir of 178, 814, 590 m3. The arrival time of the flood at the Cikopo-Palimanan Toll Road Bridge was 3 hours 45 minutes after the breach occurred, and the maximum flood depth was 15.78 m. Kertajati International Airport was not affected by the flood discharge.
Groin is hydraulic structure utilized to protect riverbank from erosion. Groin will shift away flow. Area just downstream of groin structure will be occupied by low velocity flow hence there will be sediment deposition. Turbulence mechanism between primary flow region and groin field having important role in sediment exchange needs to be investigated. Instantaneous flow measurement was conducted in order to investigate turbulence relation between series groin under various groin spacing. Laboratory experiment employed turbulence flow having Reynolds number range between 31,935-32,500 and Froude number range between 0.051-0.053. A MicroADV 16-MHz was used to measure 3D instantaneous velocity. The experiment findings expressed that Reynolds stress involving vertical velocity and did not show any specific distributions except at the lowest measurement elevation, while Reynolds stress showed specific distributions. Turbulence value difference between groin field and primary flow region at upstream of the groin field was significant. As the area was getting downstream, area containing high turbulence was wider. This work indicated that bed shear stress value tended to grow at downstream area of groin field. High difference bed shear stress value between primary flow region and groin field seized second groin field and third groin field.
Gajahwong River is located in the southern part of Java Island, Indonesia, specifically on Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Gajahwong River has an important role along the area where its discharge is used especially for irrigation water supply. Other factors stressing Gajahwong basin’s water supply purpose are population number rise and land cover change that influence river streamflow in the whole year. Hence, a continuous flow simulation was conducted to analyze Gajahwong River water availability to supply its requirement. The Soil Moisture Accounting (SMA) module of HEC-HMS was employed to simulate the continuous flow of Gajahwong River, particularly in Wonokromo Outlet. The continuous flow was simulated from the year 2012 until 2015 based on observed discharge data availability. Comparison between simulated and observed discharge was quantified by using R2, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and PBIAS statistic value. The statistic above parameter values yielded a value of 0.90, 0.58, and 2.02%, respectively for daily time series simulation.
Watershed is an area formed by the ridges of the mountains that limit a region. The natural boundary of the watershed was the result of geomorphology and hydrology. Watershed as water catchment area is very potential to provide water in a territory. Hence, the watershed management needs to be applied as well as possible. The Progo River watershed is located along the Central Java and Special Region of Yogyakarta. Progo River watershed have several creeks that ends at Trisik beach located on the south side of Java land headed to Indian Ocean. Simulation analysed the water discharge in Progo River with Sapon Weir outlet using Soil Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) with time step period for 3 years, between 2013 until 2015. Data of watershed condition used as input data were soil characteristic data, land use data, land slope data, climate data, and water discharge measurement data. SWAT simulation process was carried out through four stages, they were watershed delineation, formation of a hydrological response unit, data processing, and model simulation with simulation testing result based on R2 statistic parameter, NS model efficiency, and PBIAS parameter. From the result of the simulation, it was known that the comparison of the result between water discharge simulation and field observation shows various quantitative result. Each of evaluation parameter gave different performance classification. R2 statistic parameter evaluation gave good-very good classification, while NS model efficiency and PBIAS parameter gave not satisfactory performance classification.
Gadjahwong River flows along Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) that is located in southern Java Island. Gadjahwong River has an important role for water supply purpose especially for agriculture activities. On the other hand, DIY is seeing 1.18% population growth each year. The population surge influences land cover change that can seize continuous discharge of Gadjahwong River. Therefore, continuous discharge simulation needs to be conducted for assessing Gadjahwong River water availability. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was employed for modelling Gadjahwong River streamflow discharge. The simulation result discharge was compared with observed data acquired at AWLR Wonokromo by using NSE and R2 statistical parameter. Finally, the statistical parameter was applied to justify quality of simulation. Findings showed that daily time step yielded NSE value of 0.61, R2 value of 0.79, and PBIAS value of -2.41%. Overall, the simulation showed good result based the statistical parameters.
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