There were significantly lower mitral annular motion parameters including MAPSE in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. Those with atrial fibrillation had higher MPI. Immediately after BMV, there was improvement in LV long axis function with a gradual improvement in global LV function. There was no significant change of MAPSE after BMV.
Blood transfusion plays a key role in improving health and saves many lives. Haemovigilance system is the programme which ensures the transfusion safety by monitoring every step of transfusion process from donor to recipient. This system mainly focused on collection and analysis of data concerned with adverse events/reactions related with transfusion of blood or its components with the aim of identifying their causes and outcomes and prevents their occurrence or recurrence. Thus the ultimate object of haemovigilance system is improving the quality and safety of transfusion therapy.
school (14-17 years) age. Potential predictors for early initiation included state-level factors (cigarette tax rates, marijuana legalization), cues to action (curiosity towards e-cigarette, friends or family being smokers, TV or movie stars being smokers, easy access, flavors, advertisements), perceived susceptibility (using any other tobacco product(s)), perceived benefits (trying to quit tobacco, relative costs, relative harm). Multi-variable logistic regression with backward selection was performed to retain the most significant predictors of early initiation of e-cigarettes. Results: A total of 358 and 1,496 were identified as early and late initiators of e-cigarettes. Those who tried to quit tobacco (OR=2.49, 95%CI=1.160-5.341), lived with e-cigarette smokers (OR=2.43, 95%CI=1.557-3.799) and cigarettes smokers (OR=1.67, 95%CI=1.078-2.596) were more likely to start e-cigarettes early. Conclusions: Home environment has a major impact on whether children will become e-cigarette smokers. It is alarming that middle school children reported starting e-cigarettes in order to quit tobacco smoking as there is limited evidence of using e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aid. Dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes may extend the nicotine addiction which will pose a greater health risk when exposed in early age. Schools should consider promoting a youth e-cigarette prevention campaign to curb the epidemic of e-cigarettes in early school age children.
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