Dengue is an acute febrile illness caused by positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus, belonging to the family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus. Transmission of virus among the individuals occurred by blood-feeding Aedes mosquitoes. This virus has four serotypes differentiated on the basis of antibody neutralization assay. At present, there is no particular treatment or vaccine candidate available for dengue infection. Approximately 3.9 billion human populations are at risk of dengue virus (DENV) infection. Thus, precise diagnosis of dengue at the early stage is very essential for disease control and effective therapy in order to treat or prevent severe complications. Indeed, the accurate diagnosis of DENV remains a problem because of low detection accuracy along with high testing price. Sensitivity and specificity of available kits vary from test to test, and cross-reactivity with other Flavivirus is a challenging issue for diagnosis. In this study, linear epitopes of envelope (E) and NS1 proteins were identified to diagnose the DENV. Whole protein sequences of E and NS1 of DENV were obtained from UniProtKB database. On the basis of algorithm prediction from DNASTAR, BCEPRED, and IEDB data resources, twelve peptides of E (EP1 to EP12) and eight peptides of NS1 (NS1-1 to NS1-8) were selected, which were common in all serotypes. Sequence homologies of peptides with other Flavivirus were checked by Multiple Sequence Alignment Tool ClustalX2. Peptide sequences were synthesized chemically by solid-phase peptide synthesis technique. Dengue-specific IgM and IgG (secondary response) antibodies in the patient’s antisera were tested with the peptides using ELISA protocol. Peptides EP1, EP2, EP4, EP7, EP10, and EP12 of E protein and NS1-1, NS1-3, NS1-4, NS1-7, and NS1-8 of NS1 protein were considered the best immunoreactive peptides with the sensitivity (73.33-96.66%) and specificity (82.14-100%). Such peptides together can be used to construct the multiple antigen peptides (MAP) or multiplexed microbeads for designing a precise, cost-effective, and easy-to-make peptide-based immunodiagnostic kit for DENV detection.
Lymphadenopathy is the commonest clinical presentation encountered in outpatient as well as inpatient department
irrespective of age [1].FNAC is a simple, early and rapid diagnostic procedure to identify an etiology in an enlarged
lymph node. Objectives of this study were to study role of FNAC in evaluating enlarged cervical lymph nodes, and to
categorize malignant cases into primary and metastatic lesions. Total number of cases were 530. Out of which 477 cases
were benign/infectious and 53 were malignant. The age of patients in malignant lymph node aspirates ranged from 10
year to 81 year. Out of total 53 malignant cases, 48(90.6%) cases were metastatic lesions 5 cases (9.4%) were lymphoma.
Metastasis to lymph node 48 cases (90.6%) was more common than primary lymphomas 5 cases (9.4%). Present study
highlights the importance of FNAC. FNAC is a simple rapid cost effective in diagnosing patients presenting with cervical
lymphadenopathy. It also helps to diagnose malignancy in advanced stage patients based on the FNAC diagnosis these
cases can be managed on palliative care thereby saving the patient from excision biopsy.
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