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Fentanyl, N-(1-phenethyl-4-piperidyl) propionanilide, was prepared by performing three successive one pot reactions at room temparature.

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Objective: To identify the types, severity, and documentation grades of potential drug–drug interactions (pDDIs) and to identify the predictors of pDDIs among hospitalized cardiac patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. All the patients who were admitted for >24 h in a cardiology ward of a general hospital of the United Arab Emirates and prescribed with cardiac medications were included. The occurrence of any pDDI between cardiac medications and other coprescribed medications was identified using Micromedex database 2.0 ® and graded and documented based on the severity and documentation. Findings: A total of 842 pDDIs were identified in 155 patients. The overall relevant frequency for the occurrence of pDDIs was found to be 87.74%. A total of 79 pairs of pDDIs were identified. Among identified pDDIs, 41.33% and 56.65% were major and moderate severity type, respectively, whereas 12.32% were excellent and 36.81% were good documentation grade. The majority of pDDIs were between aspirin-bisoprolol (11.64%). Patients taking more than seven drugs (odds ratio [OR] = 9.90; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.28–42.99), polypharmacy (OR = 3.86; 95% CI: 0.93–16.08), and number of medical conditions (OR 0.25; 95% CI: 0.09–0.68) were significant predictors of pDDIs. Conclusion: The study fosters the importance of regular and close monitoring for pDDIs among cardiac patients. Thus, multicenter interventional studies are required to determine the exact nature and types of pDDIs in the local population.

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This paper describes the application of thermogravimetry including conventional thermobalance and standard sample holders for the estimation of vapor pressure and related thermodynamic properties of a potent narcotic analgesic, fentanyl . For this study, benzoic acid was used as a reference material to calibrate the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) instrument and experimental conditions used. The relationship between the isothermal sublimation rates of benzoic acid determined at different temperatures and the corresponding literature vapor pressure values was established, and the correlation equation thus obtained was used for the estimation of vapor pressure of fentanyl. By adopting this procedure, the vapor pressure of fentanyl was estimated at different temperatures from T ) (423.15 to 493.15) K. Extrapolation of the measured data to T ) 298.15 K gave the vapor pressure of subcooled fentanyl and estimated it to be (4.6 ( 2.7) • 10 -6 Pa. The corresponding solid phase vapor pressure of fentanyl was calculated to be (5.9 ( 4.7) • 10 -7 Pa after taking the enthalpy of fusion into consideration. Related thermodynamic properties, viz., enthaply of vaporization and normal boiling points, were also estimated from the vapor pressure-temperature curve.

A variety of aromatic hydrazides has been synthesised by solvent-free hydrazinolysis of corresponding esters with hydrazine hydrate under microwave irradiation.