Nanotechnology is an emerging technology for the treatment of waste water. Nanoparticles have its own advantages as the higher surface area to volume ratio compared to the bulk material. In this study, zinc oxide-based nanoparticles were synthesized. Synthesized nanoparticles are characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The antibacterial study was carried out using the synthesized nanoparticle. The photocatalytic degradation for methyl blue, methyl red, and Orange G is also done in this study using the synthesized nanoparticles. The shape and size of the nanoparticles obtained are rounding spherical with 80 to 110 nm. The optimum result obtained from the dye degradation study is 94% for methyl blue.
Congestion on land, hike in fuel costs, and critical need to cut down environmental emissions have generated the urge to shift from conventional rail transit systems to metro rail and high-speed rail for a mass mode of transportation. The conventional railway network especially in India stages an effective space in the means of mass transit systems. Subsequently, periodic inspection of the state of railway tracks is vital for ensuring rail safety, as tracks are critical components of train transportation networks. Tracks are designed to withstand zero critical incidents, and with the advent of new high-speed train services, there is a greater need to focus on track performance. Track maintenance methods are customized to suit local conditions for enhancing safety and reducing disruptions while guaranteeing the resilience and sustainability of any rail system. In recent years, various aspects of the TMSs (track maintenance systems) have been introduced within the railway industry for both ballasted and ballastless track systems. This study reviewed various approaches to track maintenance measures using traditional methods, statistical methods, and geometry-based methods based on track deterioration. Among all the reviewed methods, track maintenance based on the geometry is said to cater to the needs of the maintainers. The outcomes of this study are expected to support and assist in track maintenance decisions in the railway industry.
Contamination of soil and water by toxic metals is a major environmental hazard. The removal of heavy metals from wastewater by chemical methods is very costly and does not apply to the pretreatment process. Hence, phytoremediation process is one of the simplest methods to restore polluted environments. The present research paper investigates the potential of Mimosa Pudica for bio removal of heavy metals like Cd, Pb and Cu from wastewater by using phytoremediation or bioremediation technology. Heavy Metals were detected before and after the process using Atomic Adsorption Spectrometer (AAS). The synthetic wastewater contains Cd, Pb, and Cu at an initial concentration of 0.25mg/l, 0.5mg/l, and 2mg/l was introduced to the soil mass planted by Mimosa Pudica and treated for 16 days through their root. Collected samples were taken for laboratory analysis. The result showed that there was a reduction in Cd, Pb and Cu at a concentration of 0.02mg/l, 0.21mg/l, and 0.4mg/l level of heavy metals from the wastewater. After that, investigation of the potential of Mimosa Pudica accumulates up to 92% of Cd, 58 % of Pb, and 80% of Cu. The evidence presented by this study specified that Mimosa Pudica is an efficient accumulator plant for phytoremediation or bioremediation.
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