These results compare favourably with results from other reported series and serve to illustrate the relative safety of diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP.

This report describes the radiologic appearance of the intravenous oxygenator (IVOX), an intracorporeal CO2-O2 exchanger for use in patients with severe respiratory deficiency, and the extensive radiographic and sonographic support required for its use. Six patients aged 19-39 years who had severe adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and who were not expected to survive were selected for IVOX placement; ARDS was caused by trauma (four patients), severe pneumonia (one patient), or a fat embolus from a tibial fracture (one patient). Before insertion of the IVOX, all patients underwent evaluation of their right internal jugular vein, right common femoral vein, and inferior vena cava with real-time ultrasound (US) to ascertain vascular size. The IVOX improved oxygenation in all patients; because of such improvement, one patient survived. Use of the IVOX may become common; hence, radiologists should understand how the IVOX functions and its appropriate placement, be able to identify it on chest and abdominal radiographs, and appreciate the importance of US in placement of this device and follow-up.

BACKGROUND Abdominal tuberculosis has been a common disease that poses challenge for the diagnosis of disease, as vague symptoms of the disease always lead to delay in diagnosis. This disease can be called as an imitator of other abdominal pathologies. A high index of doubt is necessary to make early and accurate diagnosis. Abdominal involvement can occur in body at various places like gastrointestinal tract, solid viscera, peritoneum and lymph nodes. Numerous investigations have to be used to help in making the accurate diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis. Accurate diagnosis in early pathogenic stage and starting of antitubercular therapy and surgical treatment are important to prevent complications leading to morbidity and mortality of patients. Patients having long term symptoms are often weak debilitated, anaemic, malnourished, chronically ill and underweight which may be due to cachexia. METHODS This is a prospective observational study conducted from March 2016 to March 2018, in Mahatma Gandhi Medical College Associated M.Y. Hospital, among 47 patients with a diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis confirmed histopathologically. RESULTS Maximum patients in our study belonged to 20 to 40 yrs. age group. 27% were males and 72 % were females. 8% patients were treated conservatively and 91 % patients were offered operative treatment. Majority of patients presented with symptoms of abdominal pain (85%), abdominal distension (85%), vomiting (74%), weight loss (74%), fever (17%), alteration in bowel habits (21%) and lump in abdomen (6%). Most common findings were of primary perforations (68%), adhesions (46%), plastered abdomen (34%), ileocecal mass and ileocecal junction perforation (6%). Ileal and jejunal strictures were minor findings. In majority of patients, ileostomy (83%) was performed as life saving measure, adhesiolysis was done in 68%, primary closure of perforation (25%), resection and anastomosis (8.5%). CONCLUSIONS Since the clinical presentations of abdominal tuberculosis are very non-specific and vague and the diagnostic criteria are limited, diagnosis has to be supported by additional tests and by retrospective analysis with reference to clinical patterns and underlying diseases. We also emphasize the importance of histopathological examination in establishing the diagnosis in poor resource settings.

BACKGROUND The study of anastomotic leaks is critically important to surgeons because morbidity and mortality increase many fold in the aftermath of an anastomotic disruption. Anastomotic leaks are one of the most serious complications that occur after gastrointestinal surgery. They increase costs of postoperative patient care, lengthen hospital stay, cause hospital re-admissions and patient morbidities. Further, reoperations and complications such as leaks are considered a quality indicator in gastrointestinal surgery. We wanted to study the frequency of established risk factors for AL, management and outcome based on APACHE II score in a tertiary care hospital.