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Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most common congenital craniofacial anomaly. Rehabilitation of CLP generally requires a team approach. Alveolar and nasal reconstruction for these patients is a challenge for the reconstructive surgeon. Various procedures have been attempted to reduce the cleft gap, so as to obtain esthetic results postsurgically. The presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) technique, developed by Grayson, is a new approach to presurgical infant orthopedics. PNAM reduces the severity of the initial cleft alveolar and nasal deformity. Thus, it enables the surgeon and the patient to enjoy the benefits associated with repair of a cleft deformity that is minimal in severity. This article presents a brief insight into PNAM with a case series of three different cases (one unilateral and two bilateral) which underwent PNAM treatment and gave an excellent surgical prognosis.

AimsThe aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the demineralization inhibitory effect, fluoride release at varying time intervals, and antibacterial property of MI varnish and fluor protector varnish.Materials and methodsTwenty-four extracted human premolars were sectioned mesiodistally. The buccal and the lingual halves of the teeth were utilized to evaluate the demineralization inhibitory effect and fluoride release of MI varnish and fluor protector varnish, respectively. To evaluate the demineralization inhibitory effect, 150-μm axial longitudinal section was obtained that was photographed and evaluated under a polarized light microscope. To evaluate the fluoride release, a fluoride-specific ion electrode was used. To evaluate the antibacterial susceptibility, the disk diffusion test (Kirby–Bauer method) was done.ResultsStatistical analysis was done using the Students unpaired t test for intergroup comparison and the p value <0.01 was obtained for all the three parameters, i.e., demineralization inhibitory effect, antimicrobial property, and fluoride releasing property at different time intervals.ConclusionA combination of casein phosphopeptide (CPP)–amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) in fluoride varnish seems to enhance the caries preventive potential of fluoride varnish and antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans.Clinical significanceMI varnish, a combination of CPP–ACP and fluoride varnish could be the future of minimally invasive dentistry as it is minimally invasive yet an effective modality for caries prevention.How to cite this articleAttiguppe P, Malik N, et al. CPP–ACP and Fluoride: A Synergism to Combat Caries. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(2):120–125.

AimAge is one of the essential factors in establishing the identity of a person, especially in children. Age estimation plays an important part in treatment planning, forensic dentistry, legal issues, and paleodemographic research. The present study was an attempt to estimate the chronological age in children of Davangere population by using Cameriere’s India specific formula.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective observational study to estimate the chronological age in children of Davangere population. A total of 150 panoramic radiographs of patients aged between 6 and 15 years, including both sexes, were selected. Age was calculated by measuring open apices of seven right or left mandibular teeth using Adobe Photoshop software.ResultsStatistical analysis was performed to derive a regression equation for estimation of age, which showed that, of the variables X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, s, N0, the variables N0 and X4 were statistically noteworthy. Hence, these two variables were used to derive the linear regression formula:Age = 10.522 + 0.712(N0) - 5.040(X4). The model was found to be statistically significant, F(2, 147) = 207.96, p < 0.001, and accounted for approximately 74% of the variance of age (R2 = 0.739, adjusted R2 = 0.735).ConclusionCameriere’s method can be used for age assessment in children for forensic as well as legal contexts and based on these variables a reliable age estimation equation could be proposed specifically for Davangere population.How to cite this articleAttiguppe PR, Yavagal C, Maganti R, Mythri P. Age Assessment in Children: A Novel Cameriere’s Stratagem. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(4):330-334.

Aims The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of cavity disinfection with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and Ag–Au nanoparticles on microleakage and resin tag penetrability of composite restoration under in vitro conditions. Materials and methods Twenty-five human permanent molars extracted for therapeutic reasons were used in the study. Class V cavity of standard dimension was prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of the teeth. The teeth were randomly allocated into two groups based on the cavity disinfectant used: group I being 2% CHX gluconate (chlorhexidina Friedrich and Bianca Mittelstadt (FGM)) and group II being cavity disinfectant containing Ag–Au nanoparticles (nanocare gold). In both the groups, the dentin was etched with 37% phosphoric acid and cavity disinfectants were applied following which dentine bonding agent and composite resin were applied and cured. The specimens were then viewed under a stereomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope for microleakage and resin tag formation, respectively. Results The results were statistically analyzed using an independent “ t ” test. No significant difference was seen between the two groups with respect to both microleakage and resin tag penetration values ( p > 0.05). Conclusion The cavity disinfectant containing Ag–Au nanoparticles did not affect the sealing ability and resin tag penetrability of composite resin in permanent molars when compared with 2% CHX. How to cite this article Attiguppe P, Tripathi AP, et al. Nanotechnology in Dentin Disinfection: Can We Preserve the Bond? Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(1):42–46.

A bstract Aim To evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and Aquatine Endodontic Cleanser (EC) with and without laser-activated disinfection against Enterococcus faecalis in the root canals of primary teeth. Materials and methods A total of 45 human primary teeth were selected and inoculated with E. faecalis and divided into three groups as per intervention. In group I, irrigation was done using 2.5% NaOCl, in group II using Aquatine EC solution, and in group III with Aquatine EC activated by 810 nm diode laser. Results Intragroup comparisons showed a decrease in colony-forming units in all three groups. Intergroup comparisons showed a statistically significant difference between group I and group II ( p = 0.024) and between group I and group III ( p = 0.03). Conclusion Aquatine EC showed maximum antimicrobial efficacy under laser activation. Clinical significance Aquatine EC can be considered a suitable alternative to NaOCl in light of its known toxic effects. How to cite this article Kodical S, Attiguppe P, Siddalingappa RO, et al. Laser Activation of Aquatine Endodontic Cleanser: A Novel Approach to Root Canal Disinfection. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(6):761-763.