A unique concern of a removable denture when compared to others is retention. Retention is the ability of the prosthesis to resist the movement of denture away from the supporting tissues/teeth. The component of removable denture which provides retention is called as direct retainer. 1,3,4 A direct retainer can be either an extracoronal or intracoronal retainer. Extracoronal direct retainer uses mechanical resistance to displacement through components placed on external surface of abutment teeth. Intracoronal retainer is either cast or attached totally within the restored natural contours of an abutment tooth. 1 One of the main drawbacks of extracoronal retainers used in partial dentures is visibility. Many patients find themselves in an aesthetically compromised state when these retainers are placed on teeth in visible area. Precision attachments provide solution for this problem. Also, precision attachments provide better vertical support and better stimulation to the underlying tissue through intermittent vertical massage. 1,9 Although the history of intracoronal retainers goes back to 5 th and 4 th centuries BC, technically more sound developments began in early 20 th century AD, with Dr. Herman E. S. Chayes formulating the principle of internal attachment in 1906. Since then precision attachments are playing an important role in removable and fixed partial denture, conventional and implant supported overdenture. 9 KEY WORDS: Precision attachment, internal attachment, parallel attachment, frictional attachment. INTRODUCTION: Precision attachment can be described as a retainer used in fixed and removable partial denture construction consisting of a metal receptacle and a closely fitting part, the former is usually contained within the normal or expanded contours of the crown of the abutment tooth, and the latter is attached to a pontic or to the denture frame work. 1 SYNONYMS: Internal attachment, parallel attachment, frictional attachment, key and key way attachment, slotted attachment.
This study was conducted with the objective of examining and elaborating on the latest trends in the immediate loading of dental implants. It reviewed the materials and different techniques employed in immediate/early loading of implants in studies published since 2008. Articles were selected on the basis of a PubMed search that included controlled clinical studies of immediate loading of dental implants from the year 2008 onward. The inclusion criteria were a minimum of 10 patients in each group and a clinical follow-up period of at least 1 year. The technique of immediately loaded implants has become more predictable; researchers are exploring novel ways of employing the technique with fewer implants, zygomatic implants, and surface modification of implants. The prosthetic phase of immediate loading also has been simplified. In particular, the results of immediate loading in the maxilla have become more predictable and the selection criteria of patients and location for immediate loading have become more liberal, as envisaged in this review.
Aim:The aim of the study was to evaluate the dimensional accuracy of three combinations of polyvinyl siloxane impression material by doublemix single-step impression technique. Materials and methods: Metal master model was made according to the ADA specification no. 19; ISO 4823:2000/AMD 2007. Impressions were made using perforated custom-made metallic trays of 2 mm and 4 mm spacing, the impression materials used were putty, heavy body, regular body and light body. A total of 30 impressions were made by single-step technique and poured in die stone to obtain resultant cast. Ten impressions were made of each combination of polyvinyl siloxane (PVS). Three dimensions (interabutment distance, height and diameter) on resultant cast were measured and compared with metal master model. The results were statistically analyzed and tabulated. Results: Diameter of abutment, the height of abutment and interabutment distance in each group were larger in dimensions as compared with metal master model. The dimensional discrepancies of group I, group II and group III casts when compared with the master model were significantly different from each other. The least difference was found in group I. Conclusion:The one-step putty-light body combination (group I) produced the most accurate stone casts compared with one-step heavy body-light body and regular body-light body combinations. Clinical significance: In everyday dental practice, impression making is imperative. Hence, by doing this study, we tried to find out which material combination is suitable to give us predictable and accurate results.
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