In a three-year prospective study of acute cerebrovascular accident patients admitted to a geriatric unit within 72 hours of the onset, 12.7% had what was considered to be an associated acute myocardial infarction. In the majority of cases, 71%, there was no clinical indication of an acute myocardial infarction and, had it not been for electrocardiographic and enzyme studies, the concurrence of these two conditions might not have come to light. The possible explanations for the concurrence of these two conditions are explored. Patients were followed-up for five years. The mortality rate for the combined acute myocardial and cerebral infarction cases admitted to hospital was 53% in six weeks, and 64% in one year, compared with 26% and 42%, respectively, in those strokes uncomplicated by a cardiac infarction. Only one patient has survived for five years. The recognition of such cases is important in terms of management and prognosis and this may be achieved by ECG recordings followed by enzyme studies in all cases of acute stroke admitted to hospital.
ABSTRACT:The effect of blend ratio of natural rubber/epoxidized natural rubber (SMR L/ENR 25) and natural rubber/styrene-butadiene rubber (SMR L/SBR) blends on scorch time (t 2 ), cure time (t 90 ), resilience, hardness, and fatigue properties were studied in the presence of carbon black and silica. An accelerated sulfur vulcanization system was used throughout the investigation. The scorch and cure times of the rubber compound were assessed by using a Moving-Die Rheometer (MDR 2000). Resilience, hardness, and fatigue life were determined by using a Wallace Dunlop Tripsometer, a Wallace Dead Load Hardness Tester, and a Fatigue to Failure Tester, respectively. The results indicate that t 2 and t 90 decrease with increasing ENR 25 composition in the SMR L/ENR 25 blend whereas both values increase with increasing SBR content in the SMR L/SBR blend. This observation is attributed to faster cure in ENR 25 and higher saturation in SBR. Resilience decreases with increase in % ENR and % SBR but hardness shows the reverse behavior in their respective blends. The fatigue life increases with % ENR, but it passes through a maximum with % SBR in the respective blends. In all cases, aging lowers the fatigue life, a phenomenon that is caused by the breakdown of crosslinks in the vulcanizate. Differences in all the observed values between carbon black-filled and silica-filled blends are associated with the varying degrees of interaction and dispersion of the two fillers in the rubber blend matrix.
In a 1-year register, retained urinary catheters were encountered on 23 occasions. In vitro tests showed that 2 ml of ether or chloroform injected through the inflation channel of catheter balloons caused disruption within a few seconds but liquid paraffin took over 20 min, leaving an unacceptable amount of debris. A new method of removal using diagnostic ultrasound to identify the balloon of the retained catheter is described, together with suggestions for removal of retained catheters occurring under different circumstances.
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