2016). Studying the reasons for delay and cost overrun in construction projects: The case of Iran.Abstract: Undesirable delays in construction projects impose excessive costs and precipitate exacerbated durations. Investigating Iran, a developing Middle Eastern country, this paper focuses on the reasons for construction project delays. We conducted several interviews with owners, contractors, consultants, industry experts and regulatory bodies to accurately ascertain specific delay factors. Based on the results of our industry surveys, a statistical model was developed to quantitatively determine each delay factor's importance in construction project management. The statistical model categorises the delay factors under four major classes and determines the most significant delay factors in each class: owner defects, contractor defects, consultant defects and law, regulation and other general defects. The most significant delay factors in the owner defects category are lack of attention to inflation and inefficient budgeting schedule. In the contractor defects category, the most significant delay factors are inaccurate budgeting and resource planning, weak cash flow and inaccurate pricing and bidding. As for the consultant defects delay factors such as inaccurate first draft and inaccuracies in technical documents have the most contribution to the defects. On the other hand, outdated standard mandatory items in cost lists, outdated mandatory terms in contracts and weak governmental budgeting are the most important delay factors in the law, regulation and other general defects. Moreover, regression models demonstrate that a significant difference exists between the initial and final project duration and cost. According to the models, the average delay per year is 5.9 months and the overall cost overrun is 15.4%. Our findings can be useful in at least two ways: first, resolving the root causes of particularly important delay factors would significantly streamline project performance and second, the regression models could assist project managers and companies with revising initial timelines and estimated costs. This study does not consider all types of construction projects in Iran: the scope is limited to certain types of private and publicly funded projects as will be described. The data for this study has been gathered through a detailed questionnaire survey.Hamed Samarghandi et al. 52/PENERBIT UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIAan important role as a major driving force in the growth of several other sectors in the economy, including but not limited to mining and natural resources extraction, transportation and logistics, insurance, consultation and management, and even education and training (Assaf and Al-Hejji, 2006). According to the statistics provided by the Central Bank of Iran, the construction sector has annually absorbed more than USD 13 billion in direct private investments between 2002 and 2014.Unfortunately, construction project delays are very common in Iran. Potentially profitable projects are regrettably tu...

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Single Row Facility Layout Problem (SRFLP) consists of arranging a number of rectangular facilities with varying length on one side of a straight line to minimize the weighted sum of the distance between all facility pairs. In this paper we use a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to solve the SRFLP. We first employ a new coding and decoding technique to efficiently map discrete feasible space of the SRFLP to a continuous space. The proposed PSO will further use this coding technique to explore the continuous solution space. Afterwards, the algorithm decodes the solutions to its respective feasible solution in the discrete feasible space and returns the solutions. Computational results on benchmark problems show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm compared to other heuristics.