Background:Legionellaceae contains Legionella genus with over 52 species and 64 serogroups. It is one of the most important causes of respiratory disease in human. More than 30% of hospital-acquired pneumonia is caused by Legionella. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is an infection acquired in hospital wards, particularly in intensive care unit (ICU). This disease approximately affects 9% to 20% of intubated patients. Mortality in these patients varies between 8% and 76%. Legionella is one of the important factors for infection in intubated patients.Objectives:The present study was aimed to investigate the use of molecular methods in diagnosis of infection caused by Legionella pneumophila.Materials and Methods:In this study, 109 samples of lung secretions collected from intubated patients admitted to ICU wards of four university hospitals in a three-month period were examined. Cultivation and Real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods were used to assess L. pneumophila colonization in these samples.Results:Eleven samples had positive results using real time PCR analysis of 16s rRNA gene fragments specific for L. pneumophila, but according to culture method on specific buffered charcoal-yeast extract medium (BCYE), no positive cases were detected. Of the total positive cases, six were males, one female and four infants. The seven adults aged 40-65 years.Conclusions:Using molecular methods in diagnosis of infection caused by L. pneumophila has a great value because of its high specificity and rapid diagnosis potency.

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Background:Gastric cancer is the second most common causes of cancer related death in the world and is responsible for two third of cancer related death in the developing countries. survival rate surgery is low and radiation therapy and chemotherapy as alternatives ways for treatment of gastric cancer are not very promising. Thus there is an urgent need for introducing novel treatment procedures and promising new anti-canceric drugs.Aim:In this study we used pre-prepared liposomes and after necessary manipulations ,these modified liposomes were used for delivery of apoptosis activator 2 to gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (AGS).Materials and Methods:we used pre-prepared liposomes and after necessary manipulations, these modified liposomes were used for delivery of apoptosis activator 2 to AGS cells and induced apoptosis was evaluated by related apoptotic DNA ladder, TUNNEL and Cell Death experiments.Results:Evaluation of apoptosis by Apoptotic DNA Ladder in liposome treated and untreated AGS cells by DNA laddering and fragmentation, TUNEL and Cell Death Detection confirmed that treatment of AGS cell lines with apoptosis activator 2 loaded liposomes which targeted cell surface TROP2 antigen in cancer cells significantly increased apoptosis in these cells.Conclusion:Nano drug delivery of apoptosis activator 2 to human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line with liposomes targeted TROP2 antigen is a possible way for smart killing of human gastric adenocarcinoma cells.

The reported rate of resistance to clarithromycin is of great variation among H. pylori strains isolated from specimens in different countries. Our study showed that the most prevalent genotypes in our H. pylori-positive specimens was A2142G followed by A2143G, which is different from reported results of allele-specific genotyping of H. pylori strains isolated from gastric biopsy and may be a result of cross-resistance to erythromycin and other macrolides.