The present paper deals with the effects of nanofluids and thermal radiation over a stretching/ shrinking sheet. The governing differential equations are transformed into a set of non-linear coupled ordinary differential equations which are then solved using numerical technique with appropriate boundary conditions for various values of physical parameters. The effects of various physical parameters on the dimensionless velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are depicted graphically and analyzed in detail. Favorable comparisons with previously published work on various special cases of the problem are obtained. The effects of various physical parameters on the local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number are also presented in the tabular form.
Bubble characteristics and gas hold‐up were studied in a two phase (air‐aqueous CMC solution) bubble column provided with helical coils and straight tubes as internals. The effects of superficial gas velocity, rheological properties, and volume fraction covered by the internals, on gas hold‐up were studied. Hold‐up values determined directly and by simultaneous pressure drop measurements matched well. Enhancement of gas hold‐up values up to 55 per cent was achieved in systems using internals. The gas hold‐up results were also compared with the values obtained from correlations reported in the literature.
The author presents the influence of Arrhenius activation energy and binary chemical reaction on an unsteady magnetohydrodynamics Williamson nanofluid with motile gyrotactic micro‐organisms. The governing equations are converted to coupled ordinary differential equations with similarity transformations and the fifth‐order Runge‐Kutta Fehlberg method and the shooting algorithm is applied to solve these equations using the appropriate boundary conditions. A detailed investigation considering the effects of different physical parameters on the profiles like velocity, temperature, concentration, and density of motile gyrotactic micro‐organisms was done and plotted graphically. It is found that the thermal boundary layer enhances for the chemical reaction rate and the solutal boundary layer increases for activation energy. Furthermore, the nondimensional Williamson parameter reduces for the velocity profile. The author studied the wall temperature gradient of different fluids and found that temperature gradient decreased for the present study. Comparisons of the present result with published work were done to verify the present code.
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