This study assessed the gastric acid antisecretory effect of DLBS2411 fractionated from Cinnamomum burmannii. Hydrogen potassium adenosine triphosphatase (H+/K+ ATPase) activity and its gene expression were observed, and the antioxidant activity of DLBS2411 was also investigated. Treatment of DLBS2411 decreased the level of H+/K+ ATPase messenger RNA expression on human embryonic kidney 293 cells and rat gastric parietal cells in a dose-dependent manner, in vitro and ex vivo. DLBS2411 also acted as a competitive inhibitor by showing inhibition in gastric H+/K+ ATPase activity at various pHs. In gastric ulcer animal models induced with indomethacin and ethanol, DLBS2411showed a reduction in the number of petechiae, suggesting that the fraction also confers gastroprotective activity. Moreover, DLBS2411 was also found to have potent antioxidant activity. Taken together, DLBS2411 is a promising novel agent for the management of dyspepsia, a condition of hyperacidity and diseases in the stomach requiring gastroprotection.

DLBS1442 is a bioactive fraction extracted from the fruit of the native Indonesian plant, Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl (Thymelaceae). This bioactive fraction is a potential treatment for dysmenorrhea and endometriosis. The present study investigated the pharmacological action of DLBS1442 in endometrial cells. The effect of various doses of DLBS1442 (0–200 μg/mL) over 24 hours was studied using the human endometrial RL95-2 cell line to observe its effect on angiogenesis, cell migration, estrogen and progesterone receptor levels, the eicosanoid pathway, cell viability, and apoptosis. The impact of DLBS1442 on nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and the eicosanoid pathway was also studied through its marker gene expression using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method. DLBS1442 showed an ability to inhibit angiogenesis and cell migration in a dose-dependent manner. At a dose of 100 μg/mL, DLBS1442 increased the cell population in sub-G1 phase from 7% to 34%. DLBS1442 also significantly downregulated the estrogen receptor level and upregulated the progesterone receptor level. Further, it inhibited the eicosanoid signaling pathway by reducing the NFκB transcription level and subsequent reduction of inducible nitric oxide synthase. A dose-dependent decrease in viability and increased apoptosis in RL95-2 cells were also evident after exposure to DLBS1442, where the IC50 was obtained at around 100 μg/mL. In conclusion, DLBS1442 is a potential agent for alleviating symptoms of endometriosis via its antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and proapoptotic activity.

ABSTRAKTemulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. Synm. Curcuma javanica) merupakan tanaman obat asli Indonesia yang memiliki khasiat multifungsi. Namun jangka waktu panen temulawak yang cukup lama (sekitar 9-12 bulan) menyebabkan para petani enggan menanam tanaman temulawak. Untuk itu pengembangan metode penanaman perlu dilakukan agar menguntungkan secara ekonomis bagi petani, salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan adalah tumpang sari.Tumpang sari adalah penanaman lebih dari satu tanaman pada waktu yang bersamaan atau selama periode tanam pada satu tempat yang sama. Beberapa keuntungan dari metode tumpang sari antara lain pemanfaatan lahan kosong diselasela tanaman pokok, penggunaan cahaya, air serta unsur hara yang lebih efektif, mengurangi resiko kegagalan panen, dan menekan pertumbuhan gulma.Penelitian temulawak dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan petak-petak terbagi (split plot design). Rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok berdasarkan variabel jarak tanam, jumlah tunas, dan waktu panen. Parameter agronomi yang diamati adalah bobot rimpang basah dan kering yang mengindikasikan produktivitas per tanaman dan jumlah per bagian rimpang. Kandungan bioaktif xanthorrhizol dan kurkuminoid pada temulawak ditentukan dengan metode Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT).Hasil pengukuran kurkuminoid dan xanthorrhizol pada temulawak menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada kadar kedua metabolit sekunder dari penanaman dengan dan tanpa tumpang sari. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode penanaman tumpang sari dapat tidak mempengaruhi kadar metabolit sekunder dari temulawak sebagai tanaman utama, sehingga dapat menjadi pilihan metode pertanian untuk meningkatkan manfaat ekonomi para petani temulawak. PENDAHULUANTemulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb.) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan obat suku Zingiberaceae yang banyak tumbuh dan dipakai sebagai obat tradisional di Pengaruh Pola Tanam Tumpang Sari terhadap Produktivitas Rimpang dan Kadar Senyawa Aktif Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.)

The quality of javanese turmeric as one of the most widely use herb in Indonesian traditional medicine, is often ignored and unoptimized. Therefore, research on Javanese turmeric cultivation become critical to be performed.One of crucial aspect is sufficiency of water and nutrients to increase rhizome productivity during vegetative period. Therefore, fertilization plays an important role in increasing soil macronutrients content and ultimately enhance Javanese turmeric’s quality.The aim of this research is to determine the potential  of addition  local microorganism (LMO) solution as an  organic fertilizer on rhizome production and bioactive content of Javanese Turmeric . The research on LMO application for Javanese turmeric plantation was conducted at Soho Center of Excellence in Herbal Research (SCEHR). LMO was made by utilizing local waste of snail and fruits collected from around plantation area. Three different groups of treatment were applied, one group as a control and  two groups were treated by additional LMO along vegetative period. The measured parameters were weight of rhizome, curcuminoid and xanthorrhizol levels. The results showed that LMO addition to the regular fertilization able to increase Javanese turmeric productivity and shorten both vegetative and generative period of time while maintain its quality. It can be  concluded that LMO application is also good approach for both field, Javanese turmeric agriculture and natural medicine.

The purpose of this research was to extract the yield of Echinacea purpurea at the SOHO Center of Excellence in Herbal Research Sukabumi on a laboratory scale and determine the antioxidant effect. This plant is known to grow in Europe before being cultivated in Sukabumi, Indonesia. Additionally, the specimen contains compounds with antioxidant functionalities, estimated to be useful in cell protection from oxidative stress. This property is attributed to the presence of alkamide compounds. In this research, Simplicia was extracted using 2 different methods, and those generated by DPPH yielded the best chicoric acid value and were further evaluated for antioxidant activities. The results showed the best results in samples isolated with maceration at 70℃ temperature, stirred for 1.5 hours, compared to those heated at 55℃. Consequently, the yield obtained using this technique was 23.24 grams which had 4.36% chicoric acid content and total phenol of 13.82%. The thick Echinacea purpurea extract demonstrated the best IC50 value of 92.08 µg/mL, which was better than the other samples. This research suggests a need to improve the extraction process as an attempt to achieve optimal results.

This study was conducted to test the acute anti-diarrheal toxicity made from a combination of herbal extracts contain leaves of guava (Psidium guajava), turmeric (Curcuma domestica), fruit mojokeling (Terminalia chebula) and pomegranate (Punica gratum) peel. In vivo study was carried out on female Swiss Webster mice at the Toxicology Pharmacology Laboratory of the Institut Teknologi Bandung Pharmacy School. The five tested dose levels were the equivalent dose of 1/2 (164 mg/kg mice body weight) and one (328 mg/kg mice body weight) humans daily dose and three other doses, at 1, 2, and 5 g/kg body weight in mice and one control group. The assessment included observing animal behavior caused by toxic effect after test sample administration, if any, compared to its behavior before giving the test preparation (T0) and to the control. Observations were made carefully during the first 4 hours after test preparation administration and at T8, T24, and continued periodically every day until the endpoint of testing (H14). Changes in body weight were also monitored daily and at the endpoint, the animals were sacrificed for macroscopic examination of organs and organ index determination. The results showed no behavioral and clinical signs of toxicity were found after administering anti-diarrheal herbal combination at all testing doses. There were no animals that died during the treatment, and the macroscopic examination shows there were no abnormalities found in vital organs (lungs, heart, liver, kidney, stomach) after administration of anti-diarrheal products up to a dose of 5 g/kg body weight of mice. Taking all these into account, it can be concluded that those as mentioned earlier, the anti-diarrheal herbal combination is not toxic, and its lethal dose of 50 (LD50) is >5 g/kg mice body weight.

This study aims to investigate the antitussive activity of herbal cough medicine containing combined herbal extracts of Echinacea purpurea, Sambucus nigra (Black Elderberry), Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), Vitex trifolia (Indian wild pepper), and Zingiber officinale (ginger). Antitussive assays were conducted on male Dunkin-Hartley albino guinea pigs (Cavia cobaya), which are divided into 5 groups, each with 8 individuals. These 5 groups were assigned for negative control group (treated with CMC-Na 0.5%), a positive control group (treated with Dextromethorphan 20 mg/kg BW), and three groups receiving herbal medicine with 3 different doses (Group I: 145 mg/kg BW, Group II: 290 mg/kg BW; Group III:  580 mg/kg BW, respectively). The antitussive activity was evaluated by using a citric acid-induced cough assay. For baseline level, 20 % m/v liquid citric acid was exposed using a nebulizer for 10 min, then the number of coughs in 15 min was counted.  Sixty (60) minutes after oral administration of the tested herbal cough medicine, the number of citric acid-induced coughs was counted again to see the effect of herbal cough medicine to reduce cough. The number of coughs before and after herbal administration was calculated to obtain antitussive activity, represented by the percentage of cough suppression (PCS). Average PCS for each treatment group is then compared to control positive Dextromethorphan 20 mg/kg BW and control negative CMC-Na 0.5%. Data are analyzed by applying the one-way ANOVA method, which is followed by conducting a Tukey’s Test to discover differences between groups at 95% level of confidence. In terms of the percentage of cough suppression (PCS), treatment doses at 145mg/kg BW, 290 mg/kg BW and 580 mg/kg BW result in 58.48% ± 8.60% (Group I); 58.69% ± 7.96% (Group II); 59.21% ± 8.79% (Group III) PCS, respectively, which insignificantly differ to treatment with Dextromethorphan dose (66.99% ± 9.63 with p > 0.05, implicating that the herbal cough medicine has comparable effect with dextromethorphan in the doses used in this study.

The compost from the waste of pharmaceutical industries, such as guava leaves (GL) and neem seeds (NS) is used in organic agriculture. Curcuma zanthorrhiza RoxB. is a widely recognized herbal medicine that grows natively in Indonesia. Curcuminoids and xanthorrhizol are the primary bioactive components of C. zanthorrhiza. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of GL and NS compost on the growth and bioactive yields of C. zanthorrhiza. Treatments consisted of cow manure, GL compost, NS compost, GL+NS compost, or a no compost control, at 2 and 4 kg per plant. Results demonstrated that the NS and GL+NS compost applied with 4 kg per plant had increased fresh rhizome yield compared with the other treatments. Composted NS at 2 kg per plant increased the plant height and pseudo stem diameter traits compared with the control treatment. The compost application of GL+NS at 2 and 4 kg per plant significantly increased the leaf length and number of shoots. All treatments showed unchanged the leaf width and number of leaves. The compost application of GL and NS (2 kg per plant) showed higher production of curcuminoidsthan the control. The compost consisting of GL (2 kg per plant), NS (4 kg per plant), and GL+NS also increased the production of xanthorrhizol compared with the control treatment. Results illustrated the practical application of GL and NS composts from industrial pharmaceutical extraction waste for the organic farming cultivation of C. zanthorrhiza.