halassemia is a Greek word that taken from two words, Thalassa means Sea and Emia means blood, thus called Mediterranean anemia or Cooley's anemia, anemia in Persian. Thalassemia is a congenital hemolytic disease that inherited according to Mendel's laws. The first an American scientist named Dr. Cooley defined it's to other in1925. In this synthesis and defective Hb produce. In erythroid precursors additional chains don't pair together, this synthesis that this leads unbalanced Hb chain damage and lyse cells (1). If beta chain is defective, called beta thalassemia and if alpha chain is defective, called alpha thalassemia. Beta-thalassemia syndromes are a group of hereditary blood disorders characterized by reduced or absent beta-globin chains expression that T
Today, mobile phones play a key role in the communication of different countries and it provides a wide range of possibilities for its users [1]. China's mobile usage as the world's most populous country in 2016 reached over 695 million users, representing 10% annual growth [2]. Overuse of cell phones, like any other technology-related phenomenon, also has its disadvantages [3]. Many researchers believe that overuse of the cell phone in the minds and nerves of users causes a form of addiction that is just as destructive as drug addiction, alcohol, eating much, computer games and the Internet [4]. Mobile phone addiction is a widespread problem among adults around the world [5]. Addiction to his cell phone shows up while doing other things including study, driving, cycling and even sleeping [6]. International research shows that about 6% of mobile phone users are addicted to it [7]. In Iran, the prevalence of mobile phone addiction has been relatively high, for example, Background and Purpose: Overuse of the mobile phone, like any phenomenon related to other technologies, also has its disadvantages and Causes personal, social, and psychological problems such as depression, hopelessness, anxiety, stress, sleep disorders, and social isolation. Method: This is a cross-sectional study. Statistical population included high school students in Divandareh city (Kurdistan Province, Iran) and sample size according to Cochran formula was estimated 384 students. Data was collected using a demographic questionnaire and a standard mobile addiction questionnaire, Beck Depression and Beck Hopelessness Questionnaire. Data was entered into SPSS-21 software and analyzed by t-test, chi-square and ANOVA. Findings: In the present study, out of 370 high school students in Divandareh city, 54% (198 students) were boys and 46% (172 students) were girls. According to the chi-square test, there was a significant relationship between depression and hopelessness with mobile phone addiction (P<0.001). There was also a significant relationship between sex and mobile phone addiction (P=0.004). On the other hand, according to ANOVA test, no significant relationship was found between age and mobile phone addiction (P=0.601). Conclusion: The results of this study show that traumatic and excessive use of mobile phones is a potential risk factor for mental disorders in students and such disorders are in turn an effective factor in decreasing students' academic performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between mobile phone addiction and depression and hopelessness and its prevalence among high school students in Divandareh city.
Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a fatal infectious disease and remains a major global health problem especially in undeveloped countries. Delay in diagnosis and treatment may cause worsening of the disease, increasing the risk of mortality and easily spreading. This investigation aims to explore the correlation between inflammatory markers extracted from complete blood count (CBC) including red cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, RDW to platelet count ratio (RPR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and other inflammatory markers with active PTB disease. These biomarkers are easily accessible in least possible time and low facility centers even in undeveloped regions to detect inflammation. Method: This is a retrospective cohort study. Recorded laboratory and clinical data of 45 diagnosed PTB patients hospitalized in Tohid Hospital (Sanandaj, Iran) were gathered by scanning the records from September 2013 to February 2017. Forty-five age-matched and sex-matched healthy individuals were included as controls. All CBC tests were done by Sysmex KX21N. All Leukocyte differential counts were done by blinded skilled hematologist. Results: PTB patients had a significantly higher RPR values compared with control group (0.041 versus 0.058, P = 0.0001). Neutrophil counts, RDW, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and C-reactive protein values were also higher in patient with active PTB opposed to control group. Conclusion: RPR is a novel useful inflammatory marker easily done and calculated from a routine CBC report which can be used as a supportive available markers to help the management of patients suffering from active PTB. The inclusion of RPR in all CBC reports is recommended.
Introduction: Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in the general population, which disappointment is the main cause of it, and can lead to addiction. Therefore, by identifying all affecting factors and, all conditions needed to prevent addiction can be provided. Aim: The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of depression and disappointment and their relationship with Substance addiction tendency among high school students in Divandareh city in 2018. Method: This is a cross-sectional study. All high school students in Divandareh city included in this study. The sample size was 370 people according to the Morgan table. The sampling method was stratified and the tools were the Beck standard Depression and disappointment Questionnaires and the substance abuse questionnaire. Exclusion criteria included disinclination to participate in the study or incorrect completion of the questionnaires. Data were analyzed by T-test, Spearman correlation and Chi-square tests. Results: 370 students were included in this study. The prevalence of disappointment in the study was 66%, On the other hand 265 of students had low depression, 79 had moderate depression and 26 students had high levels of depression. There was a significant relationship among disappointment and GPA (P=0.012), economic status (P=0.006) and smoking history in students (P<0.001). Also depression had a significant relationship with age (P=0.009) and gender (P=0.032) as well. Conclusion: Depression and disappointment play an important role in quality of life and predict addiction tending in adolescents. And that students studied need more mental health services overall.
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