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Edited by John M. Denu TATA box-binding protein (TBP)-associated factors (TAFs), evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans, play a central role during transcription initiation. A subset of TAF proteins is shared in transcription factor II D (TFIID) and SAGA transcription regulatory complexes. Although higher eukaryotes contain multiple TAF variants that specify tissue-and developmental stage-specific organization of TFIID or SAGA complexes, in unicellular genomes, however, each TAF is encoded by a single gene. Surprisingly, we found that the genome of Candida albicans, the predominant human fungal pathogen, contains two paralogous TAF12 genes, CaTAF12L and CaTAF12, encoding H2B-like histone-fold domain-containing variants. Of the available fungal genome sequences, only seven other closely related diploid pathogenic Candida genomes encode the two TAF12 paralogs. Using affinity purifications from C. albicans cell extracts, we demonstrate that CaTAF12L uniquely associates with the SAGA complex and CaTAF12 associates with the TFIID complex. We further show that CaTAF12, but not CaTAF12L, is essential for C. albicans growth. Conditional depletion of the two TAF12 variant proteins caused distinct cellular and colony phenotypes. Together our results define a specialized organization of the TAF12 variants and non-redundant roles for the two TAF12 variants in the unicellular C. albicans genome.

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The indigenous plants are used as traditional medicinal plants from decades, which are useful in treatment of numerous contagious diseases. Medicinal plant of our community could be a wonderful origin of drugs which can cure these disease effortlessly .Active compound which are present in plants are responsible for the biological activities of the natural plants during the metabolism plant species. So, this investigation was focused to analyze the antimicrobial activity from leaves extract of medicinal plants Measaindica wall (known a Nagaphadhera in Kumaon of the order Myrsinacceae. The antimicrobial activity against various pathogens was calculated by measuring minimum inhibitory count (MIC) and Zone of inhibition. Minimum bactericidal count (MBC) and minimum fungicidal count (MFC) value were determined as well.Every extracts showed the activity against various microorganism but Petroleum ether extract showed maximum zone of inhibition and (MIC) value. Ethanol & water showed minimum zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value. Therefore, Various solvent extract of the leaves of Maesa Indica have been found to possess antimicrobial activity and could be very effective agents for the isolation of better drugs to cure several antimicrobial diseases. The petroleum ether sample can be used to discover new drugs of very high potential.

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