Available online on:15.08.2017@http://ijrdpl.com http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/IJRDPL.227 8-0238.2017.6(5).2773-2778 ABSTRACT:Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important global health problems. The prevalence of TB is high among the developing world. This retrospective study was carried out to find the incidence and clinical profiles of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients in North Indian population.Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of 552 patients having EPTB and PTB was undertaken from the Dept. of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, U.P., Lucknow, out of which 300 were of pulmonary tuberculosis and 252 of EPTB. Demographic characteristics, clinical features and apparent risk factors of disease were obtained from medical case records of all patients visiting the hospital from. The Study included only the confirmed cases of EPTB and PTB with or without other co-infections.Results: Results were tabulated and statistically studied. The prevalence of EPTB was higher among females than males as compared to PTB and this was statistically significant (p=0.001). No significant (p>0.05) association was found between EPTB and PTB according to the place of residence. However, the tobacco habit, smoking habit, alcohol use and family history were found to be significantly (p<0.01) associated with the type of TB. Pleural (62.3%) site of EPTB was a most common site in EPTB patients. The study shows a significant (p=0.04) association between age distribution and disease condition (both EPTB and PTB) among males. A similar observation was found among female patients. The prevalence of EPTB was 1.80 times significantly higher among smokers. The prevalence of EPTB was also higher among those who had a family history of tuberculosis infection in comparison with new cases. Diabetes was present in 16.7% of the EPTB patients and MDR-TB was present in 12.7%. HIV was present in 8%. Most of the patients of EPTB were new cases (88.1) in comparison with the retreatment cases (11.9).Conclusion: Among evaluated tuberculosis patients, maximum had EPTB. Pleural tuberculosis was the most common presentation of EPTB. Both pulmonary, as well as extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis, affected the younger population, between 20-40 years of age, more commonly. The study shows female preponderance among EPTB cases as compared to PTB cases. In female population, EPTB affected younger age group as compared to male patients where PTB was found to be more common. A Higher proportion of EPTB cases were found to be HIV positive and suffering from diabetes as compared to PTB.
Available online on:15.01.2018@http://ijrdpl.co m http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ IJRDPL.227 8-0238.2017.6(6).2906-2912 ABSTRACT:Background: rational prescription of antibiotics in acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) requires predictive markers. Acute phase reactants are capable of demonstrating the inflammation; however, they cannot be employed to make a difference between bacterial and non-bacterial causes of the inflammation. The bacterial infection plays an important role in the exacerbation of COPD patients. Recently, measurement of serum procalcitonin levels appears to be useful in order to minimize this problem. We aim to evaluate the prognostic and diagnostic. Methods & methods: 51 COPD patients with bacterial exacerbations, 47 patients without bacterial exacerbations, similar age and sex were included in the study. PCT levels in the serum samples were measured in all subjects. Results: Procalcitonin levels ranged from 0.01 to 12.03 ng/ml. Mean levels were 3.18±2.60 ng/ml in Group I and 0.23±0.39 ng/ml in Group II. Median values in Groups I and II were 2.98 and 0.09 ng/ml respectively. Statistically, there was a significant difference between two groups (p<0.001) with Group I showing a higher mean value as compared to Group II. A significant near strong correlation was observed between TLC levels and serum Proclacitonin levels (r=0.699; p<0.001). However, a weak negative and borderline significant correlation. Conclusions: This study found increased PCT serum levels among AECOPD patients and suggests a role for PCT in the predicting of the bacterial exacerbations and their needs for ventilator support. We recommend other large studies to au gment our findings.
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