Thermal stresses of a functionally graded hollow thick cylinder due to non-uniform internal heat generation are studied in this paper. Analytical solutions are obtained with radially varying properties by using the theory of elasticity. Thermal stresses distribution for different values of the powers of the module of elasticity and varying power law index of heat generation are studied. The results have been computed numerically and illustrated graphically.
In this study, a general analysis of one dimensional steady-state thermal stresses of a functionally graded hollow spherical vessel with spherical isotropy and spherically transversely isotropy is presented with material properties of arbitrary radial non-homogeneity. The material properties may arbitrarily vary as continuous or piecewise functions. The boundary value problem associated with a thermo-elastic problem is converted to an integral equation. Radial and tangential thermal stress components distribution can be determined numerically by solving the resulting equation. The influence of the gradient variation of the material properties on the thermal stresses is investigated and the numerical results are presented graphically.
In the present study, cellulose nanofibers were extracted from pineapple crown waste by alkali treatment method and characterized by FT-IR, DSC, XRD, and SEM studies. Further, pineapple nanofibers (2% w/v) were incorporated in carbopol 934P (0.5%w/v) containing ampicillin (1%w/v) to prepare topical gel. The preferred gel formulation was evaluated for particle size (150 ±0.64nm), polydispersity index (0.303 ±0.02), and drug content (99.87 ±0.34%). The gel formulation was also evaluated for physiochemical characterizations: FT-IR, DSC, XRD and SEM studies. The in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation of the drug from gel formulation and the aqueous solution of drug was observed to be 34% and 100% (in 10 h) with flux rate of 3.9852 ±103 ug/cm2/h and 3.6254±412ug/cm2/h respectively. The antibacterial activity against E. coli exhibited controlled release of the drug as determined by zone of inhibition 9.3 mm (gel formulation) when compared to the ampicillin drug (14.4 mm) solution. Histopathological analysis displayed no signs of toxicity when observed after application of gel formulation on goat ear skin.
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