Mobile ad-hoc network (MANETs) is a type of wireless network which do not consist a base station for providing network connectivity. A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a self-configuring, infrastructure less network. When MANET network used for large scale operation, MANET induce many drawbacks like delay in routing, resource consumption due to dynamic nature of MANET. Many cluster algorithm proposed by researcher to overcome this problem. Cluster technique used to splitting the network into Sub network called cluster. Every cluster has a its own cluster head which maintains a whole information about the cluster. Dynamic nature of MANET make difficult to divide a network into cluster and electing cluster head. In this paper we provide an overview of some clustering approaches and protocol used in Manet.
Increased protection of resource-constrained devices, such as radio frequency identification (RFID) systems, is in high demand these days. For high-resource desktop PCs, current encryption techniques are sufficient. Access control systems, transaction banking systems, and payment systems are all examples of high-security applications where RFID technology are used. The attacker tries to deceive RFIDs in order to gain illegal access to services without paying for them or to get around security measures by detecting a secret password. The most difficult problem with RFID systems is ensuring effective protection against such infringements. For RFID systems, lightweight cryptography can give security assurance. SLIM is a novel ultralightweight cryptography technique for RFID devices presented in this paper. Since block ciphers are the most commonly used cryptographic and provide highly strong protection for IoT devices, SLIM is a 32-bit block cipher based on the Feistel structure. The most difficult aspect of creating a lightweight block cipher is balancing performance, cost, and security. SLIM, like all symmetric block ciphers, encrypts and decrypts using the same key. The suggested method performs well in both hardware and software contexts, has a small implementation footprint, a reasonable cost/security ratio for RFID devices, and is energyefficient. SLIM has shown high immunity to the most successful linear and differential cryptanalysis assaults, as well as a substantial margin of defense against them.
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