Chirality plays a vital role in biological membranes and has a significant effect depending on the type and arrangement of the isomer. Menthol has two typical chiral forms, d- and l-, which exhibit different behaviours. l-Menthol is known for its physiological effect on sensitivity (i.e., a cooling effect), whereas d-menthol causes skin irritation. Menthol molecules may affect not only the thermoreceptors on biomembranes, but also the membrane itself. Membrane heterogeneity (lipid rafts, phase separation) depends on lipid packing and acyl chain ordering. Our interest is to elaborate the chirality dependence of d- and l-menthol on membrane heterogeneity. We revealed physical differences between the two optical isomers of menthol on membrane heterogeneity by studying model membranes using nuclear magnetic resonance and microscopic observation.
A general and efficient protocol is described for one pot three component intramolecular cyclization of anilines, aldehydes and malononitrile in neat water within very shorter reaction times and higher yield. Titled compounds synthesized under both microwave irradiation and classical heating for comparison purposes. The catalytic activity of L-proline in these reactions was tested over a set of aldehydes and amines, demonstrating that it is reactive toward a variety of functionalities.The role of water in reaction mechanism also demonstrated. The use of a monomode oven allowed an accurate consideration of the temperature distribution in the microwave reaction vessel, which revealed a very strong and unexpected thermal heterogeneity.
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