BACKGROUND: Emergence of new pathogenic viruses along with adaptive potential of RNA viruses has become a major public health concern. Hence it becomes even more important to explore and evaluate the antiviral properties of nanocomposites which is an ever-evolving field of medical biology. METHODS: In this study, series of metal/metal oxide (Ag/NiO : NiO, AN-5%, AN-10% and AN-15%) and ternary metal oxide nanocomposites (Ag2O/NiO/ZnO : N/Z, A/N/Z-1, A/N/Z-2 and A/N/Z-3) have been synthesized and characterized. Cellular uptake of nanocomposites was confirmed by ICP-MS. RESULTS: Intriguingly, molecular docking of metal oxides in the active site of nsP3 validated the binding of nanocomposites to chikungunya virus replication protein nsP3. In-vitro antiviral potential of nanocomposites were tested by performing plaque reduction assay, cytopathic effect (CPE) analysis and qRT-PCR. The nanocomposites showed significant reduction in virus titre. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for A/N/Z-3 and AN-5% were determined to be 2.828 and 3.277 g/mL, respectively. CPE observation and qRT-PCR results were consistent with the data obtained from plaque reduction assay for A/N/Z-3 and AN-5%. CONCLUSION: These results, have opened new avenues for development of nanocomposites based antiviral therapies.
Abstract. A three stage method has been developed for the preparation of cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) at 45 f 3OC. FIexamine was nitrated to 1,s methylene-3,7 dinitro-1,3,5,7 tetra aza cyclo octane (DPT) in acetic anhydride and acetic acid with ammonium nitrate-nitric acid mixture in presence of BF, as catalyst, DPT along with reaction mixture was further treated with excess of nitric acid and acetic anhydride in the second stage. The product so obtained was converted into HMX in third stage treating with ammonium nitrate-nitric acid mixture and acetic anhydride. Effect of various concentration of ammonium nitrate, nitric acid and acetic anhydride was also studied on the yield of HMX in final stage.
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