Changing environmental conditions can generate abiotic stress, such as the scarcity of water and exposure to chemicals. This includes biotic stress like Phytophthora palmivora infection, which causes leaf fall disease and inhibits the growth rate of para rubber seedlings, resulting in economic loss. To prevent abiotic and biotic stresses, biocontrol agents such as cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) from Bacillus spp. have been introduced to reduce the use of chemically synthesized fungicides and fertilizers. This study aimed to use Bacillus CLP extracts as a biological agent to stimulate the plant growth system in para rubber seedlings under stress conditions compared with the exogenous plant hormone (salicylic acid, SA). CLP extracts obtained from B. subtilis PTKU12 and exogenous SA were applied to the leaves of para rubber seedlings. The extracted metabolites from each treatment were analyzed by untargeted metabolomics for metabolite identification and metabolic networks under stress responses. In both treatments, 1,702 and 979 metabolites were detected in the positive and negative ion modes of electrospray ionization, respectively. The differential analysis revealed that the accumulation of up-regulated metabolites in the treatment of CLP extracts was higher than in the exogenous SA treatment, belonging to 56 metabolic pathways. The analysis of metabolic pathways indicated that CLP extracts employed alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolisms for stress responses leading to plant growth promotion. These findings revealed that the metabolic network for plant growth promotion induced by BacillusCLP extracts could be considered a protective option for para rubber plantations. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-03-022 Full Text: PDF
The changing environmental conditions generate the abiotic stress like exposing of chemicals and biotic stress like Phytophthora palmivora infection which is causes leaf fall disease affecting the growth rate of para rubber seedlings resulting in economic loss. To prevent abiotic and biotic stresses, biocontrol agents like cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) from Bacillus spp. have been introduced to reduce the usage of chemically synthesized fungicides and fertilizers. This study aimed to use Bacillus CLP extracts as a biological agent to stimulate the plant growth system in para rubber seedlings comparing with an exogenous plant hormone (salicylic acid; SA) using untargeted metabolomics. CLP extracts were obtained from B. subtilis PTKU12 and exogenous SA that were each applied on the leaves of para rubber seedlings. The expressed metabolic network responding to stress induced by exposing of different agents was analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. There were 1,702 and 979 metabolites which were detected in positive and negative ion modes of electrospray ionization, respectively. The application of CLP extracts showed the greatest accumulation of up-regulated metabolite changes in the leaves belonging to 56 metabolic pathways. The analysis of metabolic pathways indicated that CLP extracts played an important role in alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism to stress response leading to plant growth promotion. These findings revealed the effect of Bacillus CLP extracts on plant growth promotion considering as a protective option for para rubber plantation.
Background and Aim: Phytophthora palmivora is a fungal-like pathogen of the family Oomycete, which causes leaf fall disease in the para rubber tree resulting in economic loss. To inhibit fungal diseases, biocontrol agents like cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) from Bacillus spp. have been introduced to reduce the usage of synthetic fungicides. This study aimed to use cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) obtained from Bacillus subtilis as a biocontrol agent to inhibit P. palmivora. Materials & Methods: A dual culture assay was performed to select the antagonistic bacteria for extraction of the CLPs. Half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) and agar well diffusion assays were conducted to determine the efficacy of the CLPs extract from B. subtilis PTKU12 on the cell growth inhibition of P. palmivora. Results: As a result, the highest antagonistic activity from B. subtilis PTKU12 could control the P. palmivora growth. Moreover, the agar well diffusion assay presented the greatest ability of iturin A on the fungal inhibition with a statistically significant difference at 24 hr after treatment (p < 0.05). The CLPs extract additionally showed the highest efficacy for inhibiting the growth of P. palmivora at 48 hr and 72 hr after treatment, respectively. Conclusion: This study exhibited the antifungal potential of the Bacillus CLPs extract on inhibition of P. palmivora growth. Thus, this study provided an alternative option to manipulate the P. palmivora growth using Bacillus CLPs as a biocontrol agent for sustainable agriculture.
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