Summary
Various aqueous wood preservative solutions containing Cu(II) in the form of copper(II) sulphate or copper(II) octanoate, ethanolamine and in one case octanoic acid were investigated by spectrophotometry, polarography and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Results have shown the same coordination environment around Cu(II) in all solutions with ethanolamine. Computer simulation of the EPR spectra also revealed that the coordination in the first coordination sphere of copper is the same at low concentration of ethanolamine. At 20% ethanolamine concentration, a mixture of two complexes (one with two nitrogens and the other with three) could be detected. The active compound in the investigated ethanolamine containing solutions is the same when previously synthesised copper(II) octanoate was used, or when copper(II) sulphate and octanoic acid were utilized instead. Fungicidal and leaching experiments with the treated wood resulted in the same conclusion: it is not necessary to use pre-synthesised copper(II) octanoate for the preparation of waterborne copper/ethanolamine wood preservatives. Preservative preparation time and costs can be reduced by simply dissolving copper(II) sulphate and octanoic acid in aqueous ethanolamine solutions.
Matrix effects due to Ca, K, Na, and P on analyte transport rate, line intensities, and plasma excitation conditions were studied using a fused silica capillary thermospray nebulizer. Several emission lines of Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn, differing in their excitation and ionization energies, were investigated. In general, the addition of matrix elements to the analyte solution resulted in a reduction of the analyte emission signal. The greatest reductions were observed for matrices containing calcium and for the analyte emission lines with higher sum of excitation and ionization energies. A decrease in the analyte transport rate was the highest for single potassium matrix and for binary matrices containing calcium. The excitation temperature was not significantly changed in the presence of Na, K, and P, but it was depressed for single and composite matrices containing Ca. It was shown that variations in the analyte emission intensities in the presence of concomitants could be attributed to changes in the plasma as well as to changes in the analyte transport efficiency.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.