No abstract

The study includes a conductometric chemical sensor design using aligned MnO nanorods. Nanostructuring is an emerging field of prominence due to its capacity to introduce unprecedented properties in materials with potential applications. A hydrothermally prepared in situ MnO sample appears with an urchin rod-like morphology, which changes to a spherical shape upon annealing. An aluminum anodic membrane/template (AAO) is used for the growth of the nanorods and also as a medium to support the sensor. The aligned MnO nanorods are formed in the pores of the AAO by vacuum infiltration approach, which is later on annealed. The gold electrical contacts are deposited on the top or bottom ends of the MnO-embedded AAO to ensure conductometric sensing along the length of the MnO nanorods. In comparison to the MnO film-based sensor, the MnO nanorods in the AAO template have enhanced sensitivity for detecting ethanol and acetone vapor at room temperature. The novel property observed is a result of the large surface area and number of oxygen vacancies of the uniformly aligned and parallel assemblies of the nanorods. The sensor exhibits the lowest response time at 4 s for ethanol and 2 s for acetone at room temperature with a concentration of 50 ppm. The response time is 7 and 5 s, respectively, for 25 ppm. The maximum sensitivities of the sensor at room temperature for ethanol and acetone gases are 67% and 68%, respectively, for 50 ppm concentration. The growth mechanism of the aligned nanorods formed in the AAO template is well established through FESEM analysis. The XPS and HRTEM study give additional evidence for the presence of oxidation states and structure of the prepared nanostructures, respectively.

No abstract

Efficient ultrafast optical limiting using single walled carbon nanotubes functionalized noncovalently with free base and metalloporphyrins Nonlinear optical absorption and optical power limiting properties of Fe 2 O 3 hexagonal nanomorphotype are investigated using open aperture Z-scan technique with the 5 ns and 100 fs laser pulses, at 532 nm and 800 nm excitation domains. At relatively low pulse energies (below 5 lJ), sample shows saturable absorption (SA), but on going to the higher energies an interesting switchover from saturable absorption to effective two photon absorption is observed in both excitation domains. The magnitude of effective two photon absorption coefficients is calculated to be in the range of 10 À10 m/W for nanosecond and 10 À15 m/W for femtosecond laser pulse energies, respectively. XRD and TEM study reveals the polycrystalline nature, hexagonal morphology, and size of the nanostructure. The luminescence emission property is examined by photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). It is found that some strange features exist in the luminescence spectra that are consistent with the nanoparticles size distribution. The PL emission lines are explained as originated from various optical band edges due to the size induced quantum confinement and band gap resonant PL absorption/emission behavior of semiconductor nanostructures. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

Fabrication of electrospun nanofibres is the glittering area of research because of their flexible characteristics and numerous applications in almost all walks of life and technology. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is one of the significant and interested synthetic polymers in the recent research because of their characteristic properties like higher environmental stability, resistance to attack by moulds and enzymes, commercial availability, easiness to handle, etc. In the present study, pristine PMMA nanofibres with diameters of 60-150 nm with 109 nm as the most distributed one are prepared by an electrospinning method using a binary solvent mixture. An enhancement in the intensity of visible photoluminescence emission is observed in PMMA nanofibres embedded with samarium and neodymium β-diketonate complexes. The morphological incorporation of samarium and neodymium β-diketonate complexes in PMMA nanofibres and material composition of the samples are examined by high resolution electron microscopy analyses. The amorphous nature and molecular bonding of pure PMMA nanofibres and incorporated fibre complexes are elucidated through structural and molecular analyses. The supreme optical absorptions and reemissions of samarium and neodymium β-diketonate complexes embedded in the pure PMMA fibre sample in the visible region indicate not only their application in lighting or display devices, but also as active materials in organic light emitting diodes for new era curved/rolled display devices.

Morphology dependent nonlinear optical power limiting of CdO nanomorphotypes.

No abstract

Natural fibers can be used as reinforcements in thermoplastic non-structural applications. Commingling them with matrix fibers lowers the melt flow distance of molten matrix during the processing. In this study, polypropylene (PP) and textile cotton fibers were commingled and fabricated to composite laminates. Process variables like temperature, pressure, and holding time affect the mechanical properties like impact strength and tear resistance. Fiber content and winding pattern or fiber orientation were also important for the optimization of the mechanical properties. The modification of the interface by chemical treatments of the matrix or reinforcement with reagents like potassium permanganate, benzoyl peroxide, and maleic anhydride modified PP enhances some mechanical properties like tear strength of cotton fiber-reinforced PP commingled composite systems. Fiber content, treatments, and moisture also varies dielectric constant and volume resistivity.