Hysterectomy is one of the most commonly performed gynecological surgical procedures on the uterus which are thought to be an insult to the women’s emotional equilibrium. It leads to the feeling of reduced femininity which may develop psychiatric disorders. The objective of the study was to evaluate the proportion and pattern of psychiatric disorders among the hysterectomized women. This was a cross sectional and comparative study, conducted in the department of Psychiatry in collaboration with the outpatient department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh during the period from January 2012 to December 2012. For this purpose 365 married women of reproductive age group, after 3 to 6 months of planned hysterectomy fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected consecutively as a case group and age matched 365 healthy women were selected as control group. The result showed that, the mean age of the respondents was 41.48 (SD±3.79) years which was almost identical to control group (p=0.953). Most (49.5%) of the women were below the age of 40 years. Psychiatric disorders were most frequent in hysterectomized group (38.3%) as compared to control group (28.1%) (p<0.001). The most common psychiatric disorder was major depressive disorder (26.5%) followed by panic disorder (5.2%), obsessive compulsive disorder (3.8%) and conversion disorder (2.7%).The results of this study suggest that a significant number of women suffer from psychiatric disorders after hysterectomy than the age matched control.Bang J Psychiatry December 2015; 29(2): 44-47
A study was carried out to evaluate the costs and benefits of three agroforestry systems like homestead, cropland and orchard agroforestry of Kaharole Upazila under Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. An extensive field survey and measurements were conducted during July 2017 to January 2018 at different unions and villages of Kaharole upazila. A multistage random sampling procedure was followed in this study to select the survey area. A pre-structured questionnaire was used for collecting the benefits and costs data. A total of 60 agroforestry practices including 20 homesteads, 20 orchards and 20 croplands were evaluated for cost and benefit analysis. Initial three years costs and income data were collected from the field survey. A projection of seven years cost and income was also produced using regression model. Results of the production cost analysis showed that significantly maximum production cost was in orchard agroforestry system (Tk. 98987 per ha.) followed by cropland (Tk. 90238 per ha.) and minimum in homestead system (Tk. 10854 per ha.) in the 1st year. But production cost decreasing trend was recorded in the successive years in all the systems. In case of gross income analysis showed that though initial income was significantly lower in orchard agroforestry followed by cropland and homestead but after tenth year higher income was found in orchard agroforestry system (Tk. 564758 per ha.) followed by cropland (Tk. 251914 per ha) and homestead (Tk.234234 per ha) agroforestry system. However, the net income indicated that orchard agroforestry system was financially more profitable than cropland and homestead agroforestry systems, but the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) was higher in homestead as well as cropland agroforestry systems and lower in orchard agroforestry system. On the other hand guava based agroforestry practice was more lucrative than all other practices. In spite of higher BCR of homestead agroforestry, farmers in the study area widely practiced the orchard agroforestry. It appears that the farmers’ decision regarding what kind of land use they will adopt depends not on the BCR, but largely on the net amount of income that they earn.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.