Study objective: To examine the effect of family welfare index (FWI) and maternal education on the probability of infant death. Design: A population based multistage stratified clustered survey. Setting: Women of reproductive age in Indonesia between 1983-1997. Data sources: The 1997 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey. Main results: Infant mortality was associated with FWI and maternal education. Relative to families of high FWI, the risk of infant death was almost twice among families of low FWI (aOR=1.7, 95%CI=0.9 to 3.3), and three times for families of medium FWI (aOR=3.3 ,95%CI=1.7 to 6.5). Also, the risk of infant death was threefold higher (aOR=3.4, 95% CI=1.6 to 7.1) among mothers who had fewer than seven years of formal education compared with mothers with more than seven years of education. Fertility related indicators such as young maternal age, absence from contraception, birth intervals, and prenatal care, seem to exert significant effect on the increased probability of infant death. Conclusions: The increased probability of infant mortality attributable to family income inequality and low maternal education seems to work through pathways of material deprivation and chronic psychological stress that affect a person's health damaging behaviours. The policies that are likely to significantly reduce the family's socioeconomic inequality in infant mortality are implicated.

Evidence shows that psychic disturbances among women during pregnancy and postnatal period causes depression syndrome. Risk factor of postnatal depression includes depression and anxiety and stressful life experience during that risky period. Statistic from the city of Sukabumi indicated the unavailability of data on post natal depression among women. The study question is to evaluate the outcome of exercise among depressed post natal women in Sukabumi city in 2014, during six to sixteen weeks after delivery. The study design is pre-and post-outcome evaluation of post natal exercise intervention. Out of 120 target population obtained from the main Cross Sectional Survey, it was selected study sample of 14 depressed women. A regime of post natal exercise was given to the sample, consisted of postnatal exercises for 10 weeks @ 3 sessions per week or 30 sessions with 30-50 min exercise per session done in the morning before 10 O'clock and in the afternoon after 3 p.m. The outcome variable is EPDS score before and after intervention of post natal exercise. The cut-off point to determine possible depression is EPDS score of ≥10. Univariate analysis was conducted on socio-demographic characteristics of the sample. Bivariate analysis was done to test a null hypothesis that EPDS is the same pre-and post-exercise, assuming that no other variables confound the intervention. The paired t-test results indicated that the EPDS decreased significantly 7.6 points (p<0.05) after 10 weeks from 13.15 (10.66, 15.64) down to 5.55 (4.20, 6.90). After 10 weeks of postnatal exercise conducted, out of 14 subjects there was one subject who remained depressed, but the other 13 women were normal (p<0.05). Software used was SPSS v17 trial version. The study infers that postnatal exercise routinely and regularly may be promoted to be conducted by local health services.

In 2020, the number of old population in Indonesia will be 28.8 million that will make Indonesia ranked ten in the world to have elderly population. The WHO shows that around 30% of elderly older than 65 falls annually, and between 20% and 30% suffers from injury and increased risk of early death. In Indonesia there is no data on the prevalence and incidence of fall among the elderly, neither its association with cognitive and attention. This study is aimed at analyzing the difference of fall history among elderly due to cognitive and attention factors in two Elderly Homes in West Jakarta city. Descriptive analysis was done. Two instruments of cognitive assessment was used, i.e., MMSE and MoCa. The analysis is aimed at testing the possible association between cognitive and attention and the history of fall among the elderly. Chi-square test was used to see the association. Results of study showed the mean (95% CI) of the following variables: