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This paper reports the results of a retrospective study of blood use and blood loss in 40 neonates during extracorporeal life support (ECLS). Immediately after onset of bypass 39±2.5ml platelets, 59.4±6.5ml packed red blood cells (PRBC) and 15.0±5.4ml fresh frozen plasma (FFP) per patient were needed. The average daily amount given per patient was 49.0±3.0ml of platelets and 48.0±3.4ml and 9.6±3.9ml of PRBC and FFP respectively. The 10 patients who had bleeding complications received 50.0±6.3ml/day of platelets compared to 49.0±3.4ml in the other patients. The majority of blood loss during the entire period of ECLS was from samples, averaging 43.0 ± 1.5ml/day. Neck wound drainage, 6.7±2.5ml/day per patient, lasted for the entire period.

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We describe two boys with cerebro‐costo‐mandibular syndrome (CCMS). Both patients presented with Pierre Robin anomaly respiratory insufficiency died 12 hours and 10 months after birth. The first boy had muscular hypotonia, severe micrognathia, glossoptosis, short palate, preauricular tag, paraumbilical fibroma, and a small and narrow thorax. His chest roentgenographs showed marked hypoplasia of the first to tenth rib, multiple posterior rib‐gaps in the only four ossified ribs. Tracheomalacia and stenosis of the left ureter was observed during autopsy. No structural cerebral anomalies were observed. Respiratory distress necessitated a tracheostomy in the second boy. He had severe micrognathia with glossoptosis and a cleft soft palate were noted. His chest roentgenograph showed a bell‐shaped, small thorax with multiple dorsal rib‐gap defects. CCMS is a rare disorder often associated with Pierre Robin anomaly. Chest roentgenographs show the typical posterior rib‐gap defects, which are quite variable. CCMS usually occurs as an isolated event in a family. Of 41 reported families four reports describe horizontal and two describe vertical transmission of CCMS. This might imply genetic heterogeneity with autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant inheritance. Inter‐ and intrafamilial expression is variable. Careful family studies are necessary before genetic counseling is given. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.