Objective: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) biological patch for abdominal wall reconstruction and in the treatment of infant and neonatal giant omphalocoele as well as other large abdominal wall defects. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the surgical use of an ADM biological patch for reconstructing the abdominal wall was performed. Eleven infants with giant omphalocoele, one with an iatrogenic large abdominal wall defect, and one with a large abdominal wall hernia were treated by filling the abdominal wall defect with the biological patch and expanding the abdominal cavity volume to avoid sharply increased pressure after the direct suture closure of the abdominal incision. This procedure obtained good results. Results: Infants with giant omphalocoele had good results in 10 of 11 cases (the parents of one patient ended treatment). One infant with an iatrogenic abdominal wall defect and one with a large abdominal wall hernia had good results; at follow-up, neither infant has had complications. Conclusion: Large abdominal wall defects in neonates and infants can be reconstructed by ADM patches with good results.
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Background: Prognostically significant invasive breast cancer subtypes, distinguishable through immunohistochemistry for ER, PR and HER-2/neu expression, have recently been identified. The implication of similar phenotypic patterns in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to determine whether DCIS phenotypes are associated with different rates of progression to invasive cancer.
 Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for ER, PR and HER-2/neu was performed on biopsy and resection specimens from consecutive patients evaluated with DCIS between March 2003 and May 2008. DCIS lesions were characterized as luminal A (ER+ or PR+, HER-2/neu-), luminal B (ER+ or PR+, HER-2/neu+), HER-2/neu positive (ER- and PR-, HER-2/neu+) or basal-like (ER-, PR- and HER-2/neu-). All patients underwent breast MRI and those patients with evidence of invasive disease greater than 1cm in largest dimension were excluded from the analysis. Rates of invasive disease associated with DCIS lesions with different phenotypes were compared using a chi square test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between phenotype and invasion adjusting for patient age, lesion size, nuclear grade, and the presence of comedo necrosis.
 Results: One hundred and seven patients were included in the analysis. Luminal A was the most common phenotype and accounted for 59% of lesions (63/107). Associated invasive disease was identified in 6 patients with such lesions (10%). The HER-2/neu positive phenotype accounted for 21% of lesions (23/107). Invasive disease was identified in 8 patients with such lesions (35%). Seventeen patients had luminal B DCIS (16%) and 8 of these patients had associated invasive disease (47%). Basal-like lesions were uncommon; only four patients with such lesions were identified. The rates of invasion differed significantly between groups (overall rxc chi square p=0.002). By univariate analysis, the rates of invasion associated with luminal B and HER-2/neu positive phenotypes were significantly higher than the rate of invasion associated with the luminal A phenotype (p<0.001 and p=0.005, respectively). Luminal B DCIS was significantly associated with invasive disease after multivariate adjustment (OR=11.1 p <0.001).
 Discussion: Invasive foci are more commonly associated with HER-2/neu over-expressing DCIS phenotypes. Moreover, co-expression of HER-2/neu and ER in DCIS lesions is an independent predictor for the presence of associated invasive disease. Novel therapies targeting HER-2/neu in addition to anti-estrogen therapies may, therefore, play a role in breast cancer prevention.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1161.
The resistance relaxation in Au/SrTiO3/Au sandwiches with bipolar resistance switching has been investigated by the low frequency analysis. The power spectral density of the conducting current fluctuation in the high resistance state and the low resistance state shows 1/f behaviors. By contrast experiment, the low frequency noise for the high resistance state is ascribed to the Schottky barrier under reverse bias and the oxygen vacancy diffusion, while the noise in the low resistance state is due to the carriers fluctuation arising from the oxygen vacancy migration. The resistance relaxation can be further understood as the diffusion of oxygen vacancies under an electric field.
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