Background: Infertility is a condition with psychological, economic, medical implications resulting in trauma, stress, particularly in a social set-up, with a strong emphasis on child-bearing. The prevalence of infertility in the general population is 8-12% worldwide. Of this, the male factor is responsible for 40-50%.Semen analysis is an indispensable diagnostic tool in the evaluation of the male partners of infertile couples. Materials and Method: Seminal fluid from the male partners was analysed in the clinical laboratory, JIIU'S IIMSR Medical College, Warudi, Jalna during June 2018 to June 2019 using the World Health Organization (WHO) 2010 criteria for human semen characteristics. Parameters like semen volume, liquefaction time, sperm concentration, motility, vitality, morphology were evaluated. Results: Total 122 males were evaluated in the study. Mean age of presentation was 28.95 yrs. 76 cases [62.30%] found to have abnormal semen analysis and 46 [37.70%] with normal pattern. Abnormalities in sperm no. were seen as most common abnormality 40 patients [32.79%], followed by abnormality in motility 20 patients [16.39%]. Normozoospermia [48.36%], Asthenozoospermia [14.75%], Teratozoospermia [2.46%], Asthenozoospermia with teratozoospermia [1.64%], Oligozoospermia [9.02%], Oligoasthenozoospermia [6.56%], Oligozoospermia with teratozoospermia[3.28%], Oligoastheno-teratozoospermia [2.46%], Azoospermia [11.47%] Conclusion: Though semen analysis has limited role in evaluation of male factor infertility but still it is indispensable and cost effective tool in evaluation of male factor infertility, particularly in rural population.
To transmit torque from rotating power source to another device gears or gear trains are used. There are different types of gears such as spur gear, helical gear, double helical gear, bevel gear, crown gear, hypoid gear, worm gear, rack and pinion, epicyclical gear, etc. [4] Designing of gear is such a vast and critical process that whole research coverage in such work is very difficult. To provide speed and torque conversion to output shaft from rotating source, the gearbox is used. Multispeed gearboxes are used in the applications where frequent changes in speed or torque at the output shaft are required. The transmission of motion and power from the input source to output is possible due to the meshing of teeth of the gears. This paper consists of designing of 9 speed gearbox and the procedure for calculating the number of teeth on gear including structure and ray diagram. [3] For analysis, the gearbox assembly is created in CATIA and the .igs file is exported to ANSYS. Also deformation is attained as the gear efficiency depends on the deformation. The result shows that the deformation and maximum stresses are under safe limits.
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