Palladium chloride impregnated on Al2O3-pillared clay (Pd/Al-PILC) was synthesized by intercalation of aluminium (III) chloride into clay interlayers and calcined at 500°C for 1 h. Subsequently, impregnated with PdCl2 and calcination at 450°C for 4 h. The modified clay catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for investigated atomic spacing of catalysts and N2 adsorption and desorption method (BET) for investigated surface area and pore volume of catalysts. The catalytic activities of Pd/Al-PILC was utilized for the reduction of nitrobenzene for synthesis aniline. The effect of various reaction factors, such as reaction time, reaction temperature, solvent system and the amount of catalyst were studied in order to optimize the reaction conditions. Aniline was prepared conveniently and efficiently via the reduction of nitrobenzene in the presence of a catalytic amount 40%Pd/Al-PILC of substrate in reflux temperature at 70°C for 4 h under extremely mild conditions.
Aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, are very important in many industries and can be prepared from alcohols. In this research, aluminium oxide-pillared bentonite (Al-PILC) was prepared by inserting aluminium (III) chloride into the interlayers and calcination. Then PdCl2 was impregnated into Al-PILC and calcined to produce Pd/Al-PILC. The synthesized clay and raw clay were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and N2 adsorption-desorption (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller; BET) techniques. From the characterization, XRD pattern exhibited the characteristic peaks of montmorillonite at 2θ of 7° and 22°. Additionally, the N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm of Pd/Al-PILC indicated mesoporous structure and BET specific surface area was 102 m2/g. The catalytic activity of Pd/Al-PILC was investigated for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol with H2O2 furnishing benzaldehyde. In the optimum condition, 82% of benzaldehyde was produced via the reaction of benzyl alcohol and H2O2 in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd/Al-PILC in refluxing acetonitrile for 3 h under mild reaction conditions.
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