The transport sector is one of the important contributors of increasing energy consumption and CO 2 emissions in Thailand. Due to rapid development of transport infrastructure and technologies, patterns of energy consumption in this sector, as well as emissions, have changed considerably. To understand changes of aggregate energy consumption and CO 2 emissions in this sector, this study employs the decomposition technique of the additive LMDI-I index method to analyze influencing factors in the road passenger transport in Thailand during 2007–2017. Results indicate that major energy consumption and GHG emissions in Thailand's road passenger transport come from sedans, vans, and taxis. The decreasing GHG emissions from fuel share and emission factors revealed the success of biofuel promotion in the road transport. The policy implication on energy efficiency and CO 2 mitigation suggests that Thailand should continue promotion of energy efficiency improvement, public transport, biofuels and electric vehicles.

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