Background: Although recent studies suggest that the prevalence of food allergy (FA) has not changed, the data from developing countries are limited. This study aimed to investigate time trends in the prevalence of FA among preschool children in 2010 and 2019 in Northern Thailand.Methods: Two cross-sectional studies were performed, 9 years apart (2010 and 2019), using the same methods, in children aged 3-7 years living in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Parent-reporting questionnaire surveys were conducted. Families with children reporting FA were invited to undergo further investigations with skin prick testing, serum specific IgE, and oral food challenge (OFC). The prevalence of parent-reported FA, food sensitization, and OFC-confirmed FA were compared between the 2 periods.Results: A total of 1013 out of 1146 questionnaires (452/546 in 2010 and 561/600 in 2019) were returned. The response rate was 88.4%. The prevalence of parent-reported food allergy in 2019 was significantly lower than that in 2010 (5.5% vs 9.3%; p ¼ 0.02). However, there was no significant change in the prevalence of OFC-confirmed FA (0.9% vs 1.1%; p ¼ 0.75). Three leading causative foods of parent-reported FA were cow's milk, shrimp, and eggs. Shrimp was still the most common OFC-confirmed food allergen. Atopic dermatitis was the most significantly parent reported factor associated with FA. Conclusion:The overall prevalence of FA among preschool children in Northern Thailand had not increased during the past decade. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of OFC-confirmed FA between 2010 and 2019.

Background:The study of anaphylaxis in different geographic areas raises the awareness to improve prevention and medical care.Objective: To investigate the incidence, causes, characteristics, and management of anaphylaxis in Chiang Mai, Thailand Methods: We performed a retrospective review, based on ICD-10 electronic medical records of patients who attended the Out-Patient and Emergency Departments at Chiang Mai University Hospital from January 2007 to December 2016.Results: A total of 441 episodes of anaphylaxis in 433 patients were analyzed. Three-hundred and sixty-two (84%) were adults and 71 (16%) were children. Anaphylaxis was common in the second and third decades of life. The incidence rate for all causes of anaphylaxis was 3.9 episodes per 100,000 out-patient and emergency visits per year. The rate in children was more frequent than in adults. Foods were the most common culprit (47%), followed by insect stings (23%) and drugs (18%). Severe anaphylaxis, defined as the loss of consciousness, hypotension, respiratory failure, or cyanosis were found in 163 events (37%). The time lapses between exposure with an allergen and the onset of symptom less than 30 minutes and triggered by insect stings were significantly associated with severe anaphylaxis. Biphasic reactions occurred in 6 patients (1.4%). Adrenaline injections were prescribed in most of patients (90%). There were no fatality cases in the past 10 years. Conclusion:The incidence of anaphylaxis in our hospital appears more often in children than in adults. The frequency in adults trends to be increasing. Food and insect stings are the common causative agents.

Coronavirus disease 2019 affected child health and impacted learning because of the resulting onsite school closures. This prospective cohort study included children aged 10–17 who received two 4 µg doses of BBIBP-CorV administered intramuscularly 21–28 days apart. To assess vaccine safety, 36,808 participants were then followed with paper- and web-based online questionnaire surveys that captured local and systemic reactogenicities following vaccine administration on days 1, 7, and 30. Among participants, 76% (27,880) reported reactogenicity within the first 24 h and 7 days following the first dose. Half (51.41%) of participants experienced pain at the injection site; the majority of cases were mild in severity. Injection site tenderness (37.93%) was another common local reaction. Fatigue (37.89%), myalgia (33.56%), and headache (26.76%) were the most common systemic reactions. On days 2–7 after the first dose, 25.85% of participants experienced adverse reactions. Following the second dose, reactogenicity was 7.6% and 1.09% within 24 h and between days 2–7. The majority of reactions were of mild to moderate severity. We report that two doses of the BBIBP-CorV caused mild to moderate side effects in adolescents in Thailand. The findings confirm the vaccine’s safety profile in this age group.

Long-term prognosis of adult-onset omega-5 gliadin allergy (O5G) (also known as wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis) has not been well documented to date. We hypothesized that prognosis for patients with O5G allergy could be predicted by sequential monitoring of O5G-IgE levels, and investigated the dynamics of their changes over time in patients with adult-onset O5G allergy. METHODS: We performed a retrospective medical chart-based review on 111 consecutive adult (≥16 years) outpatients with O5G allergy seen at six hospitals in Japan November 2010-October 2014, and analyzed all recorded data on IgE levels at each outpatient visit up to November 2016. RESULTS: Dynamic changes in O5G-IgE levels could be analyzed in detail for 63 of these outpatients. O5G-IgE titers in 12 (19%) exceeded twice baseline value (increasing trend group), whereas in 7 (11.1%) they decreased to at least half the baseline value (decreasing trend group), and in the remaining 42 (66.7%) patients they neither exceeded twice baseline nor decreased to half baseline over time (intermediate group). Only one patient in the decreasing trend group was signed off due to remission. Thus, by conducting longitudinal data analysis of O5G-IgE levels, we found a gradual and significant increase in O5G-IgE levels in one group, and a gradual and significant decrease in another, whereas the level remained essentially unchanged in the majority. CONCLUSIONS: O5G-IgE levels in the majority (>85%) of patients with adult-onset O5G allergy did not decrease over several years of observation, implying a poor prognosis for this disease.