Accuracy, precision and detection limits of measurements of trace elements of potash, soda and lead reference glasses by wavelength-dispersive spectrometry (WDS) were compared with those by proton induced x-ray emission (PIXE). Accuracy and precision of measurements of major, minor and trace elements in lead glass standard by WDS were compared with those by energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The homogeneity of reference glasses and the effect of spot size of the electron beam on the accuracy and precision were studied. The effects of aluminum pinhole, Kapton foil and zinc foil absorbers on the detection of manganese, iron, arsenic, rubidium, strontium, zirconium and barium in lead glass by the PIXE were investigated. Copyright
Thirteenth‐ to fourteenth‐century ecclesiastical window glass, excavated from the administrative centre of Koroinen, Finland, represents the earliest window glass in the country and includes the only emerald green window glass known from Finland at this time. This was examined, together with some excavated vessel glass. X‐ray analysis, using scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive spectrometry and proton induced X‐ray emission, reveals that while the vessels are made from potash‐lime, soda‐lime, mixed alkali and lead‐silica glasses, the window glasses are lead‐silica and wood ash‐lead‐silica glasses; they resemble similar glasses from central Europe and suggest that Koroinen shared the trading network of other European religious centres.
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