Many different types of hyperkinetic and hypokinetic movement disorders have been reported after ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. We searched the Medline database from 1966 to February 2008, retrieving 2942 articles from which 156 relevant case reports, case series and review articles were identified. The papers were then further reviewed and filtered and secondary references found. Here we review the different types of abnormal movements reported with anatomical correlation, epidemiology, treatment and prognosis. Post stroke movement disorders can present acutely or as a delayed sequel. They can be hyperkinetic (most commonly hemichorea-hemiballism) or hypokinetic (most commonly vascular parkinsonism). Most are caused by lesions in the basal ganglia or thalamus but can occur with strokes at many different locations in the motor circuit. Many are self limiting but treatment may be required for symptom control.
The risk of fracture is significantly increased in PD relative to patients with other medical conditions. Hip fractures are commonly fatal in older people and partly preventable. Prospective studies of intervention to prevent fractures in PD are required.
-With increasing shift work the importance of effective handover is becoming more widely recognised, resulting in the production of guidelines on written handover documentation. A particular area of poor compliance was handover from the week to weekend teams for medical inpatients, as shown through an audit cycle. Full implementation of any guidelines can be time and financially costly. However, a simple, minimal cost, electronic-based list improved the quantitative measures of written handover, particularly in areas of patient location, resuscitation status and investigations. Qualitative data showed multiple benefits, but also problems with logistics in computer terminals, networks and access. Solutions to such problems are discussed, with the importance of carefully implemented longer term changes being emphasised.
Homeless healthcare: raising the standards Over the past 3 years the number of homeless people in the UK has increased by 34%. Most will die young, largely due to treatable conditions. Secondary care can, and must, do more for the silent killer that homelessness is.
Out of 234 cases, 15 were identified with symptoms suggestive of respiratory, cardiac or abdominal systems involvement although subsequent investigations failed to reveal definite association with cabergoline except two cases with probable alveolitis and a possible association with cardiac murmur in one case. In spite of the deficiencies of a retrospective study, the results suggest a low risk of fibrotic side effects with cabergoline, particularly cardiac valvulopathy.
SummaryWe report the successful treatment of three patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis aged 79, 80, and 80 years. We also review other published reports of treatment in the elderly and discuss complications of treatment with emphasis on elderly patients.
It is estimated that 12,300 people slept rough in 2018, a 98% increase since 2010. Similar trends can be seen in the number of people living in tents or sleeping on overnight public transport. Such individuals are five times more likely than age-matched, housed people, to attend hospital. This is due to the severe ill-health and poor engagement with primary care, prevalent among this population. Following the introduction of the Homeless Reduction Act 2017, hospitals must now take a more personalised approach to their homeless patients, ensuring that ongoing care is accessible after discharge. Here, we demonstrate that employment of a dedicated homeless housing officer within a district general hospital can radically improve both staff attitudes towards this patient group as well as individual patient outcomes.
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