Wstęp: Zjawisko choroby symulatorowej jest mierzalne pod względem objawów fizjologicznych. Artykuł prezentuje praktyczne wykorzystanie Kwestionariusza choroby symulatorowej (Simulator Sickness Questionnaire-SSQ) w badaniach poekspozycyjnych wraz z oceną samego narzędzia przez osoby badane. Materiał i metody: Badania przeprowadzono na symulatorze szkoleniowym pojazdów ciężarowych i autobusów AutoSim AS 1600. Przebadano 130 kierowców uczestniczących w kursach kwalifikacji wstępnej i okresowej dla kierowców w transporcie drogowym. Do badań wykorzystano kwestionariusz SSQ autorstwa Kennedy' ego i wsp. w polskim tłumaczeniu Biernackiego i wsp. (symptomy: mdłości, dezorientacji, zaburzeń okulomotorycznych i wynik ogólny) oraz ankietę oceniającą kwestionariusz SSQ (zrozumiałość i czasochłonność na skali 1-6). Wyniki: W grupie badanej (N = 130) stwierdzono istotne statystycznie różnice w wynikach SSQ. Wśród kierowców młodszych (<29,5 roku) zarejestrowano zwiększone nasilenie symptomów choroby symulatorowej po symulacji (objawy mdłości oraz wynik ogólny), u kierowców starszych (>29,5 roku) − objawów dezorientacji po symulacji. Długość snu i ocena jakości wykonania zadania były istotnie wyższe w grupach bezobjawowych. Wyniki wskazują również na pozytywny odbiór narzędzia przez osoby badane (N = 113)-oceniono czasochłonność jako niską (M = 2,44 na skali 1-6), a zrozumiałość jako wysoką (M = 5,62 na skali 1-6). Wnioski: Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na występowanie objawów choroby symulatorowej nawet w symulatorach wiernie odzwierciedlających ruch kabiny pojazdu. Oceny narzędzia przez osoby badane i poziom zaangażowania w pracę z kwestionariuszem wskazują na jego pozytywny odbiór.
Physical motion driving simulators serve as a valuable research and training tool. Since many simulator participants suffer from simulator sickness (SS), we aimed to gain a better understanding of participant-related variables that may influence its incidence and severity. The study involved a 2-min mobile-platform car rollover simulation conducted in a group of 100 healthy adult participants. SS was measured with the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire immediately before and after the simulation. We investigated how the symptomatology of SS varies with gender, as well as with participants’ previous experiences such as extra driving training or car accidents. Although many SS symptoms occurred already before the simulation, all the symptoms except burping had a significantly greater incidence and severity after the simulation. Before the simulation, men reported disorientation symptoms more often than women, while participants with prior experiences of extra driving training or car accidents scored significantly higher in three out of four Questionnaire components: nausea symptoms, oculomotor symptoms, and the total score. The study offers interesting insights into associations between SS and prior experiences observed by means of high-fidelity real-motion simulations. More research is needed to determine the nature of these associations and their potential usefulness, for example, in helping accident survivors to cope with the distressing or even potentially disabling psychological consequences of accidents.
This paper presents the place of e-learning methods in the teaching of Advanced Life Support (ALS) to second year medical students. The described course lasts 30 hours and consists of lectures, seminars, and classes. Numerous modifications of the course were introduced in the past and at the moment electronic learning methods are being improved with new ones being added as well. The following have been implemented: 1. e-learning presentations instead of lectures; 2. recording own instructional movie demonstrating advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation; 3. a change in the method of conducting practical classes consisting in recording the medical procedures performed by students with a camera. Although e-learning plays an important role in ALS teaching, it cannot completely replace on-site classes. Thus, ALS without any practice to acquire resuscitation skills is impossible.
Autoresuscitation is a phenomenon of the heart during which it can resume its spontaneous activity and generate circulation. It was described for the first time by K. Linko in 1982 as a recovery after discontinued cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). J.G. Bray named the recovery from death the Lazarus phenomenon in 1993. It is based on a biblical story of Jesus’ resurrection of Lazarus four days after confirmation of his death. Up to the end of 2022, 76 cases (coming from 27 countries) of spontaneous recovery after death were reported; among them, 10 occurred in children. The youngest patient was 9 months old, and the oldest was 97 years old. The longest resuscitation lasted 90 min, but the shortest was 6 min. Cardiac arrest occurred in and out of the hospital. The majority of the patients suffered from many diseases. In most cases of the Lazarus phenomenon, the observed rhythms at cardiac arrest were non-shockable (Asystole, PEA). Survival time after death ranged from minutes to hours, days, and even months. Six patients with the Lazarus phenomenon reached full recovery without neurological impairment. Some of the causes leading to autoresuscitation presented here are hyperventilation and alkalosis, auto-PEEP, delayed drug action, hypothermia, intoxication, metabolic disorders (hyperkalemia), and unobserved minimal vital signs. To avoid Lazarus Syndrome, it is recommended that the patient be monitored for 10 min after discontinuing CPR. Knowledge about this phenomenon should be disseminated in the medical community in order to improve the reporting of such cases. The probability of autoresuscitation among older people is possible.
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