This paper presents the intuitive and ready-to-use, general procedure for tuning the balance-based adaptive controller (B-BAC) based on its equivalence to the controller with PI term and with additional improvements shown for the linearised approximation of the dynamics of the nonlinear controlled process. The simple formulas are suggested to calculate the B-BAC tunings based on the PI tunings determined by any PI tuning procedure chosen accordingly to the desired closed-loop performance. This methodology is verified by comparing the closed-loop performance of the equivalently tuned B-BAC and PI/PI + feedforward controllers under the same scenario, both by the simulation and practical experiments.
This paper deals with the practical aspects of the implementation of the balance-based adaptive control (B-BAC) technique. It gives the simple mathematical background of this methodology, shows the case-independent implementation concept as the ready-to-use flexible function block that results from the B-BAC generality, discusses how to embed the additional functionalities required in professional industrial control applications and finally presents three implementation examples for three different programming and hardware platforms. The control performance of each B-BAC function block is validated experimentally and compared with the performance of the corresponding platform-related standard PID function blocks. The comparative results and the potential accessibility of both the flexible function block and the simple tuning method put forward B-BAC methodology as a strong alternative for PID-based industrial control applications.
This paper deals with the validation of the concept of using virtual commissioning of the low-level industrial control systems to adjust PID controller settings. General hardware configurations and logical layers of the experimental setups, which were used during the experiments, are shown and described in details. It is shown how to determine the controller settings using pre-tuning and fine-tuning functionality, available in standard Siemens® Function Blocks Library, that have been launched in virtual commissioning environment. Comparison of the results is a basis to answer the question if the modern virtual commissioning tools currently used in industry have sufficient accuracy to be used as a master tool for the initial PID controller tuning. It is also important to know whether these systems are suitable for use as Industry 4.0 tools, as the simulation is one of its most important part. The first section in your paper
This paper deals with practical aspects of volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient determination. The attention was paid to influence of dissolved oxygen probe dynamics on measurements. A new identification method of volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient was developed. This method involves numerical integral calculation. The new method and three other methods (graphical, logarithmic and regression) of determining volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient value were applied. The comparative simulation research was done using dissolved oxygen concentration model. All four methods were finally aplied to real biotechnological wastewater process with the activated sludge.
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