Blue stain is a type of discoloration that considerably lowers the aesthetic qualities of wood. During harvesting, fungal inoculum finds its way into the wood through places of cutting, delimbing, and damage to the tree stem. The development of peripheral blue stain in the logs of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) due to damage by a harvester head was investigated, using logs felled and delimbed with a chainsaw as reference. The development of blue stain was related to the age class of the stand, the date of felling, and the microclimatic conditions of the wood storage place. The mean surface area of blue stain in logs produced with the harvester was almost 35 cm2, approximately 30% larger than that of the reference logs. In stands of the fourth age class (diameter at breast height 32 cm), the surface of blue stain was more than two times larger than that of stands of the third age class (diameter at breast height 24 cm). The mean area of blue stain in wood stored after spring felling (19.3 cm2) was about 50% of that after summer felling (38.2 cm2). In particular, the development of blue stain in logs obtained with a harvester was visible between weeks 6 and 9 after spring felling and between weeks 3 and 6 after summer felling. For both felling dates, the range of blue stain depended less on air temperature around the wood stack and depended more on the duration of storage.
Determining areas affected by forest succession is one of the main tasks aimed at shaping rural areas. Effective determination of the parameters of the dynamics of forest succession in areas used for agriculture is the basis for understanding the phenomenon of land cultivation abandonment. Understanding it allows to implement a proper policy limiting the negative effects of giving up agricultural production. There are many methods to determine forested areas. The most popular group of the methods includes those that rely on the use of LiDAR data. LiDAR data are processed to build the Canopy Height Model. The use of the data from aerial laser scanning (ALS) enables obtaining information on the area of afforestation as well as parameters of individual trees, such as their height or surface area. The use of different methods of acquiring the Canopy Height Model affects the obtained results of environmental analyses. The article is an analysis of methods allowing to determine the parameters of the dynamics of forest succession in areas used for agriculture. High accuracy aerial laser scanning (ALS) data as well as cadastral databases were used. The research area was located in Southern Poland, where the phenomenon of land abandonment occurs with high intensity. The obtained results allowed to draw conclusions useful during the construction of the Canopy Height Model. They are helpful when determining the parameters of the dynamics of forest succession and allow to develop the Canopy Height Model methodology including parameters related to the location of the research.
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