A b s t r a c tOver the period 2006-2009 in Lublin, a study was conducted to determine the effect of five types of rootstock: 'Colt', 'F12/1', sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), 'GiSelA 5' and 'Piast' mahaleb cherry (Prunus mahaleb L.), on the growth and quality of maiden sweet cherry trees cv. 'Regina' in a commercial nursery. Based on the three-year average, rootstocks were shown to have a significant effect on the investigated quality characteristics of maiden sweet cherry trees. Trees budded on 'Colt' vegetative rootstock were characterized by strongest growth and best quality. In each year, they were thicker, higher and better branched than sweet cherries on the rootstock. Under the tested conditions, 'GiSelA 5' dwarf rootstock significantly reduced the growth and quality of budded sweet cherry trees in the nursery. During the period 2007-2009, no physiological incompatibility symptoms were observed 'Regina' sweet cherry cv. and 'Piast' seedling rootstocks. The growth of trees budded on 'Piast' mahaleb cherry was poorer than on 'Colt' clonal rootstock, but it was stronger than on 'F12/1' and Prunus avium L. rootstocks.
The effect of the times and the budding methods on the quality of young trees and the nursery efficiency of cherry trees cv. '£utówka' S u m m a r yThe studies concerning the effect of the times and the methods of budding on the growth of young cherry trees were conducted in the years 1997-2000 at Felin Experimental Farm of Lublin Agricultural University. The objects of investigations were the young cherry trees obtained as a result of budding of mahaleb cherry (Prunus mahaleb L.) and sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) seedlings in the way by the chip budding-15 th July and T-budding-on the 15 th July and the 1 st September. The used terms and budding methods did not affect the bud taking and the quality of cherry trees during three years studies. Chip budding of the sweet cherry on the 15 th July was the most effective way of this seedling budding. Late budding-on the 1 st September-did not change the efficiency of the nursery only in case of mahaleb cherry. The highest number-33 000 of the young trees, average per 1 ha was got as a result of the chip and "T" mahaleb cherry budding on the 1 st September.
During the period 2006–2009 in Lublin, a study was conducted to determine the effect of five rootstocks: ‘Colt’, ‘F12/1’, sweet cherry (<em>Prunus</em><em> </em><em>avium</em><em> </em>L.), ‘GiSelA 5’, and ‘Piast’, on bud take in the cultivar ‘Regina’, the quality of budded trees and the efficiency of a sweet cherry tree nursery. The highest percentage of bud take in cherry trees cv. ‘Regina’ and the best efficiency of the sweet cherry tree nursery were obtained for the rootstocks ‘Piast’ and ‘Colt’. In two years during the three-year study period, the rootstock was found to significantly affect the efficiency of the sweet cherry tree nursery. When grafted on the rootstocks ‘Colt’ and ‘Piast’, a significantly higher percentage of trees met the requirements of the Polish Standard PN-R-67010 than on the clonal rootstock ‘GiSelA 5’. Under the tested conditions, the quality of maiden sweet cherry trees cv. ‘Regina’ grafted on the dwarfing rootstock ‘GiSelA 5’ was lowest.
The studies were conducted in the years 2000-2003 at the Felin Experimental Farm of the Agricultural University of Lublin. Maiden apple trees, 'Šampion' and 'Jonica', grafted on the M.9 RN29 and M.26 rootstocks, were the examined material. It was proved that genetic characteristics of the cultivar and weather conditions in the period of growth of young shoots had a significant effect on the growth of the examined trees. The diameter of the rootstocks of the examined cultivars depended on the type of the rootstock used. It turned out that in 2002 the M.26 apple was significantly thicker than the M.9 one. No significant effect of the rootstock and the cultivar on the diameter of the maiden trees at the height of 30 cm was found. It was observed that the trees on M.26 had a larger diameter than those on M.9. The cultivar and weather conditions in a given year had the most significant effect on the sum of shoot lengths, as well as the number and length of one shoot
S t r e s z c z e n i e. Grusza po jabłoni zajmuje drugie miejsce w światowej produkcji owoców ziarnkowych strefy klimatu umiarkowanego. W Polsce do tej pory jej produkcja była niewielka ze względu na niesprzyjające warunki klimatyczne, wrażliwość drzew i kwiatów gruszy na mrozy i przymrozki. Do poważnych problemów należy zaliczyć trudności z przechowywaniem, szybkie przejrzewanie gruszek, dużą podatność na obicia owoców podczas obrotu handlowego. O atrakcyjności gruszek decyduje nie tylko ich tekstura i barwa, jędrność, soczysty miąższ, ale też smak, aromat oraz wartość odżywcza. Celem badań było określenie oraz porównanie podatności na obicia owoców popularnych na naszym rynku odmian 'Konferencja' i 'Lukasówka' oraz nowych odmian 'Concorde' i 'Amfora'. W badaniach zastosowano test udarowy, w którym szklaną kulkę o masie 25,68 g zrzucano z wysokości 20, 40 i 80 cm, uzyskując energię 0,5, 0,1 i 0,2 J. Metoda udarowa pozwala na ocenę podatności gruszek na obicia i umożliwia porównanie odmian. Owoce odmiany 'Konferencja' i 'Concorde' wykazały mniejszą podatność na uszkodzenia. Przechowywanie gruszek przez cztery miesiące w chłodni w temperaturze 1.5°C i wilgotności około 90% nie wpływa istotnie na podatność na obicia owoców odmian 'Konferencja', 'Concorde' i 'Lukasówka'. Porównując wielkość obić pod wpływem energii udaru 0,2 J, po przechowywaniu zaobserwowano, że wyznaczona objętość obicia owoców odmiany 'Concorde' (312,47 mm 3) jest ponad trzykrotnie mniejsza niż objętość obić odmiany 'Amfora'(1075,13 mm 3). Odmiana 'Concorde' jest obiecującą odmianą, ze względu na swoją małą podatność na obicia i odporność na uszkodzenia mechaniczne, a zarazem najwyższą zawartość ekstraktu i cukrów w owocach. S ł o w a k l u c z o w e: grusza, owoce, obicia, udar, przechowywanie
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