Field-collected populations of Aphytis holoxanthus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and of A. lingnanensis Compere were selected for malathion and azinphosmethyl resistance, respectively, utilizing the male selection method. In preliminary experiments, fertility of virgin females was not significantly lower than that of mated females, and the rate of development of their progeny was similar. Males proved more susceptible to pesticides than females, and among them the sons of virgins were more susceptible than the sons of mated females. Some after-effects of sublethal exposure to pesticides were noted in both species. A mating ratio of 1 selected male: 2.0-2.5 females was optimal. Cold storage of female pupae proved feasible for synchronizing availability.Resistance of A. holoxanthus to malathion was not increased by 25 male selection cycles. Resistance of A. lingnanensis to azinphosmethyl, which had already been improved by mass selection, was further increased by 7 cycles of male selection.The different outcomes of the two projects are discussed in relation to the variability of the original field populations, and the results of male selection are compared with those of mass selection of identical populations.
The research objective was to quantify the development and survivorship rate of S. dorsalis in different phenological stages of mango and selected weeds. The research was conducted in the laboratory of PT. Trigatra Rajasa, Mango plantation in Ketowan, Arjasa, Situbondo, East Java, Indonesia from February to September 2015. The development and survivorship rate were done through observation of life span of S. dorsalis from egg to pupa. Analysis of Variance and Duncan Multiple Range Test (p = 0.05) with 5 replications were applied to ensure the significant differences among the treatments. The result showed that development and survivorship of Scirtothrips dorsalis were supported by mango flushes and flower as well as some weeds such as Leucania leucochepala, Ipomoea triloba, Achalypha indica, Desmanthus leptophyllus and Azadirachta indica as source of food. Achalypha indica was the most suitable host with development time (12.82 ± 0.21 days) and survivorship (33 %). Weed Tridax procumbent, Momordica charantia and Mimosa pudica were unable to provide the living requirement for immature developmental stage of S. dorsalis.
This chapter covers the history of integrated pest management (IPM), organizational structure of IPM, pesticide policy, IPM application in major crops (rice, maize and cabbage), impact of KASAKALIKASAN (an IPM programme with farmers as the main participants) on agricultural production, and constraints and challenges in IPM implementation in the Philippines.
Population dynamic information and its influence factors are basic need for the best insect strategic control. This research objective was to descript and compare thrips S. dorsalis population dynamic on mango and associated weeds under low and intensive cultural practices. Reseacrh was conducted in PT. Trigatra Rajasa mango plantation in Ketowan, Arjasa, Situbondo, East Java, Indonesia from February 2014 to January 2015. The investigation was done through observation of S. dorsalis number associate on each mango growth stages and weeds under the canopy of mango. Arithmetic and descriptive method were applied to ensure the population oscillations pattern among phenological stages of mango and weeds under mango tree canopy. Result showed that population fluctuation of S. dorsalis was determined by growth stages of mango trees and the availability of initial built up of population. Flush growth stage was the most preferred stage which had high input agricultural practices such as fertilizer and tree conditioning and was supported for more numbers of thrips. Weeds Desmanthus leptophyllus, Achalypha indica, Azadirachta indica and Tephrosia vogelii were functioning as breeding habitat for early built-up population on mango trees. Climate factors especially rainfall was also affected population fluctuation of S. dorsalis on mango trees and weeds.
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