Objective This study aimed to verify the compatibility of masticatory performance tests using different two types of gummy jellies. Background data discussing the present status of the field Compatibility between the glucose concentration measuring method (GC) and 10‐steps visual scoring method (VS), which are masticatory performance tests for diagnosing decreased masticatory function (DMF) in oral hypofunction and the use of different types of gummy jelly, has yet to be confirmed. Materials and methods The participants consisted of 134 Japanese older people (51 men and 83 women). GC, VS and the increased surface area measuring method (ISA), as an alternative analysis method for VS, were conducted to evaluate masticatory performance. Cohen's Kappa coefficient was used to verify the consistency for detecting DMF between GC and VS. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyse the relationship between GC and ISA. Each masticatory performance was compared among three different groups for the number of residual teeth. Cut‐off values of VS and ISA for DMF that were consistent with GC were identified. Results Glucose concentration measuring method and VS showed an excellent consistency (Kappa coefficient = 0.86). There was a high positive correlation between GC and ISA (r = .70). However, the change in masticatory performance according to the number of teeth was different between GC and VS/ISA. The cut‐off values of VS and ISA were a Score of 2 and 1687 mm2, respectively. Conclusion Glucose concentration measuring method and VS/ISA remained fairly consistent for detecting DMF, which might be useful information to interconnect the various studies on masticatory performance.
Hypertension is related to impaired mastication that causes malnutrition, declining the general health of older adults. This study assessed the role of dietary intake in the relationship between oral health and blood pressure. Eight hundred ninety-four adults aged ≥65 years who independently lived in rural regions of Japan participated in this study. Hypertension was classified according to the guidelines of the Japanese Society of Hypertension. The oral condition was evaluated by analyzing the remaining teeth, occlusal force, posterior occlusal support, masticatory performance, oral moisture, and oral bacterial level. Dietary intake was assessed using a brief self-administered dietary history questionnaire. Mann-Whitney U, chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and logistic regression analyses were used to elucidate the factors related to hypertension. Normotensive, hypertensive, and history of hypertension were observed in 30.9%, 23.8%, and 45.3% of the participants, respectively. The factors significantly associated with the hypertension were age, body mass index, posterior occlusal support condition, and sodium-to-potassium ratio related to salt intake and/or vegetable intake. Participants without posterior occlusion significantly had higher risk of hypertension (odds ratio = 1.72). This study suggested that there was an association between oral health and hypertension, while the loss of occlusal support may influence nutritional intake conditions.
Evaluation of masticatory ability has become more important in an aging society because decreased masticatory ability has the potential to affect the general health of older people. A new masticatory performance test, intended for older people with low masticatory ability, has been developed using gummy jelly half the size of that used in the conventional masticatory performance test. This study aimed to investigate the compatibility between the new and conventional tests and the adaptation of the new test. The new test using the 8-grade visual score with half-size gummy jelly was performed among 137 removable denture wearers (mean age 75.8 ± 9.0 years) with low masticatory performance (a score of ≤4 on a conventional test). The correlation between the scores of half-size gummy jelly (VS-H) in the new test and those of full-size gummy jelly (VS) in the conventional test was evaluated. VS-H among the groups divided by VS were also compared. A strong positive correlation was detected between VS-H and VS (rs = 0.70). In groups with VS of 0 and 1, VS-H values were widely distributed from 0 to 7. There were significant differences in VS-H between the groups with VS of 0–2 but no significant differences in VS-H between the groups with VS of 2–4. Therefore, the masticatory performance test using half-size gummy jelly is suitable for a detailed evaluation of masticatory ability in older people with low masticatory ability when their visual score of full-size gummy jelly in the conventional test is 2 or less.
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