Summary
An inverse identification method for characterization of wood sorptive properties is presented.
The method relies on a computer simulation of a real experiment, in our case a desorption experiment,
where spruce heartwood samples were dried from 27% to 8% moisture content. Three samples,
distinguished by the respective moisture flow pattern through the specimen, were investigated.
A computer aided material characterization using the so-called inverse problem identification
method was performed on the measurements. The solution of the specified inverse problem enabled
us to estimate the moisture diffusion coefficients of wood and to determine the moisture
content field in the sample simultaneously. The method is first verified on two simple cases of uniaxial
moisture flow, and then is used to characterize the diffusion coefficients on a biaxial moisture
flow sample. In the latter case some salient features of the proposed method are exhibited.
Conventional analysis methods for piping systems have incorporated many conservative assumptions. Some of these assumptions can be abandoned by employing advanced analyses, thus allowing for higher loads, which can lead to further uprating of the system without physically intervening with it. This paper shows the procedure of uprating the design seismic load of an existing pipeline through advanced analyses. First, it was discovered that the seal between the pipe and the wall in fact represents a support which is even stiffer than an engineered, purposely built support. Secondly, analyses demonstrate that a pipeline built of thin wall pipes can sustain significant lateral deformation (ovalization and indentation), imposed by seismically induced relative displacements between the buried pipe and building wall penetration, without breaching the pipe wall. This finding is supported by the fact that the pipe passed the flattening test. In the pipeline qualification procedure, the stress state in the dented pipe wall is compared with the stress state during the flattening test. All relevant stress indicators (stress intensities) at the uprated loading state were smaller than allowed by the applicable code or obtained from the flattening test; thus, the pipeline qualified for uprated seismic conditions.
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